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[PATCH v2 4/7] Row pattern recognition patch (executor).
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* [PATCH v2 4/7] Row pattern recognition patch (executor).
@ 2023-06-26 08:05 Tatsuo Ishii <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Tatsuo Ishii @ 2023-06-26 08:05 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c | 225 +++++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c  | 302 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat      |   9 +
 src/include/nodes/execnodes.h        |  13 ++
 src/include/windowapi.h              |   9 +
 5 files changed, 548 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c
index 310ac23e3a..bef2bc62b2 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #include "utils/acl.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/datum.h"
+#include "utils/fmgroids.h"
 #include "utils/expandeddatum.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
@@ -159,6 +160,14 @@ typedef struct WindowStatePerAggData
 	bool		restart;		/* need to restart this agg in this cycle? */
 } WindowStatePerAggData;
 
+/*
+ * Map between Var attno in a target list and the parsed attno.
+ */
+typedef struct AttnoMap {
+	List		*attno;			/* att number in target list (list of AttNumber) */
+	List		*attnosyn;		/* parsed att number (list of AttNumber) */
+} AttnoMap;
+
 static void initialize_windowaggregate(WindowAggState *winstate,
 									   WindowStatePerFunc perfuncstate,
 									   WindowStatePerAgg peraggstate);
@@ -195,9 +204,9 @@ static Datum GetAggInitVal(Datum textInitVal, Oid transtype);
 
 static bool are_peers(WindowAggState *winstate, TupleTableSlot *slot1,
 					  TupleTableSlot *slot2);
-static bool window_gettupleslot(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos,
-								TupleTableSlot *slot);
 
+static void attno_map(Node *node, AttnoMap *map);
+static bool attno_map_walker(Node *node, void *context);
 
 /*
  * initialize_windowaggregate
@@ -2388,6 +2397,12 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	TupleDesc	scanDesc;
 	ListCell   *l;
 
+	TargetEntry	*te;
+	Expr		*expr;
+	Var			*var;
+	int			nargs;
+	AttnoMap	attnomap;
+
 	/* check for unsupported flags */
 	Assert(!(eflags & (EXEC_FLAG_BACKWARD | EXEC_FLAG_MARK)));
 
@@ -2483,6 +2498,16 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	winstate->temp_slot_2 = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
 												   &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
 
+	winstate->prev_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
+												 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+
+	winstate->next_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
+												 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+
+	winstate->null_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
+												 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+	winstate->null_slot = ExecStoreAllNullTuple(winstate->null_slot);
+
 	/*
 	 * create frame head and tail slots only if needed (must create slots in
 	 * exactly the same cases that update_frameheadpos and update_frametailpos
@@ -2667,6 +2692,71 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	winstate->inRangeAsc = node->inRangeAsc;
 	winstate->inRangeNullsFirst = node->inRangeNullsFirst;
 
+	/* Set up SKIP TO type */
+	winstate->rpSkipTo = node->rpSkipTo;
+	/* Set up row pattern recognition PATTERN clause */
+	winstate->patternVariableList = node->patternVariable;
+	winstate->patternRegexpList = node->patternRegexp;
+
+	/* Set up row pattern recognition DEFINE clause */
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect mapping between varattno and varattnosyn in the targetlist.
+	 * XXX: For now we only check RPR's argument. Eventually we have to
+	 * recurse the targetlist to find out all mappings in Var nodes.
+	 */
+	attnomap.attno = NIL;
+	attnomap.attnosyn = NIL;
+
+	foreach (l, node->plan.targetlist)
+	{
+		te = lfirst(l);
+		if (IsA(te->expr, WindowFunc))
+		{
+			WindowFunc	*func = (WindowFunc *)te->expr;
+			if (func->winfnoid != F_RPR)
+				continue;
+
+			/* sanity check */
+			nargs = list_length(func->args);
+			if (list_length(func->args) != 1)
+				elog(ERROR, "RPR must have 1 argument but function %d has %d args", func->winfnoid, nargs);
+
+			expr = (Expr *) lfirst(list_head(func->args));
+			if (!IsA(expr, Var))
+				elog(ERROR, "RPR's arg is not Var");
+
+			var = (Var *)expr;
+			elog(DEBUG1, "resname: %s varattno: %d varattnosyn: %d",
+				 te->resname, var->varattno, var->varattnosyn);
+			attnomap.attno = lappend_int(attnomap.attno, var->varattno);
+			attnomap.attnosyn = lappend_int(attnomap.attnosyn, var->varattnosyn);
+		}
+	}
+
+	winstate->defineVariableList = NIL;
+	winstate->defineClauseList = NIL;
+	if (node->defineClause != NIL)
+	{
+		foreach(l, node->defineClause)
+		{
+			char		*name;
+			ExprState	*exps;
+
+			te = lfirst(l);
+			name = te->resname;
+			expr = te->expr;
+
+			elog(DEBUG1, "defineVariable name: %s", name);
+			winstate->defineVariableList = lappend(winstate->defineVariableList,
+												   makeString(pstrdup(name)));
+			/* tweak expr so that it referes to outer slot */
+			attno_map((Node *)expr, &attnomap);
+			exps = ExecInitExpr(expr, (PlanState *) winstate);
+			winstate->defineClauseList = lappend(winstate->defineClauseList, exps);
+		}
+	}
+
 	winstate->all_first = true;
 	winstate->partition_spooled = false;
 	winstate->more_partitions = false;
@@ -2674,6 +2764,76 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 	return winstate;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Rewrite Var node's varattno to the varattno which is used in the target
+ * list using AttnoMap.  We also rewrite varno so that it sees outer tuple
+ * (PREV) or inner tuple (NEXT).
+ */
+static void
+attno_map(Node *node, AttnoMap *map)
+{
+	(void) expression_tree_walker(node, attno_map_walker, (void *) map);
+}
+
+static bool
+attno_map_walker(Node *node, void *context)
+{
+	FuncExpr	*func;
+	int			nargs;
+	Expr		*expr;
+	Var			*var;
+	AttnoMap	*attnomap;
+	ListCell	*lc1, *lc2;
+	
+	if (node == NULL)
+		return false;
+
+	attnomap = (AttnoMap *) context;
+
+	if (IsA(node, FuncExpr))
+	{
+		func = (FuncExpr *)node;
+
+		if (func->funcid == F_PREV || func->funcid == F_NEXT)
+		{
+			/* sanity check */
+			nargs = list_length(func->args);
+			if (list_length(func->args) != 1)
+				elog(ERROR, "PREV/NEXT must have 1 argument but function %d has %d args", func->funcid, nargs);
+
+			expr = (Expr *) lfirst(list_head(func->args));
+			if (!IsA(expr, Var))
+				elog(ERROR, "PREV/NEXT's arg is not Var");	/* XXX: is it possible that arg type is Const? */
+			var = (Var *)expr;
+
+			if (func->funcid == F_PREV)
+				var->varno = OUTER_VAR;
+			else
+				var->varno = INNER_VAR;
+		}
+		return expression_tree_walker(node, attno_map_walker, (void *) context);
+	}
+	else if (IsA(node, Var))
+	{
+		var = (Var *)node;	 
+
+		elog(DEBUG1, "original varno: %d varattno: %d", var->varno, var->varattno);
+
+		forboth(lc1, attnomap->attno, lc2, attnomap->attnosyn)
+		{
+			int	attno = lfirst_int(lc1);
+			int	attnosyn = lfirst_int(lc2);
+
+			if (var->varattno == attnosyn)
+			{
+				elog(DEBUG1, "loc: %d rewrite varattno from: %d to %d", var->location, attnosyn, attno);
+				var->varattno = attno;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return expression_tree_walker(node, attno_map_walker, (void *) context);
+}
+
 /* -----------------
  * ExecEndWindowAgg
  * -----------------
@@ -2691,6 +2851,8 @@ ExecEndWindowAgg(WindowAggState *node)
 	ExecClearTuple(node->agg_row_slot);
 	ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_1);
 	ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_2);
+	ExecClearTuple(node->prev_slot);
+	ExecClearTuple(node->next_slot);
 	if (node->framehead_slot)
 		ExecClearTuple(node->framehead_slot);
 	if (node->frametail_slot)
@@ -2740,6 +2902,8 @@ ExecReScanWindowAgg(WindowAggState *node)
 	ExecClearTuple(node->agg_row_slot);
 	ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_1);
 	ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_2);
+	ExecClearTuple(node->prev_slot);
+	ExecClearTuple(node->next_slot);
 	if (node->framehead_slot)
 		ExecClearTuple(node->framehead_slot);
 	if (node->frametail_slot)
@@ -3080,7 +3244,7 @@ are_peers(WindowAggState *winstate, TupleTableSlot *slot1,
  *
  * Returns true if successful, false if no such row
  */
-static bool
+bool
 window_gettupleslot(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos, TupleTableSlot *slot)
 {
 	WindowAggState *winstate = winobj->winstate;
@@ -3420,14 +3584,53 @@ WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
 	WindowAggState *winstate;
 	ExprContext *econtext;
 	TupleTableSlot *slot;
-	int64		abs_pos;
-	int64		mark_pos;
 
 	Assert(WindowObjectIsValid(winobj));
 	winstate = winobj->winstate;
 	econtext = winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
 	slot = winstate->temp_slot_1;
 
+	if (WinGetSlotInFrame(winobj, slot,
+						  relpos, seektype, set_mark,
+						  isnull, isout) == 0)
+	{
+		econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
+		return ExecEvalExpr((ExprState *) list_nth(winobj->argstates, argno),
+							econtext, isnull);
+	}
+
+	if (isout)
+		*isout = true;
+	*isnull = true;
+	return (Datum) 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * WinGetSlotInFrame
+ * slot: TupleTableSlot to store the result
+ * relpos: signed rowcount offset from the seek position
+ * seektype: WINDOW_SEEK_HEAD or WINDOW_SEEK_TAIL
+ * set_mark: If the row is found/in frame and set_mark is true, the mark is
+ *		moved to the row as a side-effect.
+ * isnull: output argument, receives isnull status of result
+ * isout: output argument, set to indicate whether target row position
+ *		is out of frame (can pass NULL if caller doesn't care about this)
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if we successfullt got the slot. false if out of frame.
+ * (also isout is set)
+ */
+int
+WinGetSlotInFrame(WindowObject winobj, TupleTableSlot *slot,
+					 int relpos, int seektype, bool set_mark,
+					 bool *isnull, bool *isout)
+{
+	WindowAggState *winstate;
+	int64		abs_pos;
+	int64		mark_pos;
+
+	Assert(WindowObjectIsValid(winobj));
+	winstate = winobj->winstate;
+
 	switch (seektype)
 	{
 		case WINDOW_SEEK_CURRENT:
@@ -3583,15 +3786,13 @@ WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
 		*isout = false;
 	if (set_mark)
 		WinSetMarkPosition(winobj, mark_pos);
-	econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
-	return ExecEvalExpr((ExprState *) list_nth(winobj->argstates, argno),
-						econtext, isnull);
+	return 0;
 
 out_of_frame:
 	if (isout)
 		*isout = true;
 	*isnull = true;
-	return (Datum) 0;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3622,3 +3823,9 @@ WinGetFuncArgCurrent(WindowObject winobj, int argno, bool *isnull)
 	return ExecEvalExpr((ExprState *) list_nth(winobj->argstates, argno),
 						econtext, isnull);
 }
+
+WindowAggState *
+WinGetAggState(WindowObject winobj)
+{
+	return winobj->winstate;
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c
index b87a624fb2..74ef11ce55 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "catalog/pg_collation_d.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "nodes/execnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/supportnodes.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "windowapi.h"
@@ -36,10 +39,21 @@ typedef struct
 	int64		remainder;		/* (total rows) % (bucket num) */
 } ntile_context;
 
+/*
+ * rpr process information.
+ * Used for AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ */
+typedef struct SkipContext
+{
+	int64		pos;	/* last row absolute position */
+} SkipContext;
+
 static bool rank_up(WindowObject winobj);
 static Datum leadlag_common(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
 							bool forward, bool withoffset, bool withdefault);
-
+static bool get_slots(WindowObject winobj, WindowAggState *winstate, int current_pos);
+static int evaluate_pattern(WindowObject winobj, WindowAggState *winstate,
+							int relpos, char *vname, char *quantifier, bool *result);
 
 /*
  * utility routine for *_rank functions.
@@ -713,3 +727,289 @@ window_nth_value(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
 }
+
+/*
+ * rpr
+ * allow to use "Row pattern recognition: WINDOW clause" (SQL:2016 R020) in
+ * the target list.
+ * Usage: SELECT rpr(colname) OVER (..)
+ * where colname is defined in PATTERN clause.
+ */
+Datum
+window_rpr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+#define	MAX_PATTERNS	16	/* max variables in PATTERN clause */
+
+	WindowObject winobj = PG_WINDOW_OBJECT();
+	WindowAggState	*winstate = WinGetAggState(winobj);
+	Datum		result;
+	bool		expression_result;
+	bool		isnull;
+	int			relpos;
+	int64		curr_pos, markpos;
+	ListCell	*lc, *lc1;
+	SkipContext	*context = NULL;
+
+	curr_pos = WinGetCurrentPosition(winobj);
+	elog(DEBUG1, "rpr is called. row: " INT64_FORMAT, curr_pos);
+
+	if (winstate->rpSkipTo == ST_PAST_LAST_ROW)
+	{
+		context = (SkipContext *) WinGetPartitionLocalMemory(winobj, sizeof(SkipContext));
+		if (curr_pos < context->pos)
+		{
+			elog(DEBUG1, "skip this row: curr_pos: " INT64_FORMAT "context->pos: " INT64_FORMAT,
+				 curr_pos, context->pos);
+			PG_RETURN_NULL();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Evaluate PATTERN until one of expressions is not true or out of frame.
+	 */
+	relpos = 0;
+
+	forboth(lc, winstate->patternVariableList, lc1, winstate->patternRegexpList)
+	{
+		char	*vname = strVal(lfirst(lc));
+		char	*quantifier = strVal(lfirst(lc1));
+
+		elog(DEBUG1, "relpos: %d pattern vname: %s quantifier: %s", relpos, vname, quantifier);
+
+		/* evaluate row pattern against current row */
+		relpos = evaluate_pattern(winobj, winstate, relpos, vname, quantifier, &expression_result);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the expression did not match, we are done.
+		 */
+		if (!expression_result)
+			break;
+
+		/* out of frame? */
+		if (relpos < 0)
+			break;
+
+		/* count up relative row position */
+		relpos++;
+	}
+
+	elog(DEBUG1, "relpos: %d", relpos);
+
+	/*
+	 * If current row satified the pattern, return argument expression.
+	 */
+	if (expression_result)
+	{
+		result = WinGetFuncArgInFrame(winobj, 0,
+									  0, WINDOW_SEEK_HEAD, false,
+									  &isnull, NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point we can set mark down to current pos -2.
+	 */
+	markpos = curr_pos -2;
+	elog(DEBUG1, "markpos: " INT64_FORMAT, markpos);
+	if (markpos >= 0)
+		WinSetMarkPosition(winobj, markpos);
+
+	if (expression_result)
+	{
+		if (winstate->rpSkipTo == ST_PAST_LAST_ROW)
+		{
+			context->pos += relpos;
+			elog(DEBUG1, "context->pos: " INT64_FORMAT, context->pos);
+		}
+		PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
+	}
+
+	PG_RETURN_NULL();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Evaluate expression associated with PATTERN variable vname.
+ * relpos is relative row position in a frame (starting from 0).
+ * "quantifier" is the quatifier part of the PATTERN regular expression.
+ * Currently only '+' is allowed.
+ * result is out paramater representing the expression evaluation result
+ * is true of false.
+ * Return values are:
+ * >=0: the last match relative row position
+ * -1: current row is out of frame
+ */
+static
+int evaluate_pattern(WindowObject winobj, WindowAggState *winstate,
+					 int relpos, char *vname, char *quantifier, bool *result)
+{
+	ExprContext	*econtext = winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
+	ListCell	*lc1, *lc2;
+	ExprState	*pat;
+	Datum		eval_result;
+	int			sts;
+	bool		out_of_frame = false;
+	bool		isnull;
+	StringInfo	encoded_str = makeStringInfo();
+	char		pattern_str[128];
+
+	forboth (lc1, winstate->defineVariableList, lc2, winstate->defineClauseList)
+	{
+		char	*name = strVal(lfirst(lc1));
+		bool	second_try_match = false;
+
+		if (strcmp(vname, name))
+			continue;
+
+		/* set expression to evaluate */
+		pat = lfirst(lc2);
+
+		for (;;)
+		{
+			if (!get_slots(winobj, winstate, relpos))
+			{
+				out_of_frame = true;
+				break;	/* current row is out of frame */
+			}
+
+			/* evaluate the expression */
+			eval_result = ExecEvalExpr(pat, econtext, &isnull);
+			if (isnull)
+			{
+				/* expression is NULL */
+				elog(DEBUG1, "expression for %s is NULL at row: %d", vname, relpos);
+				break;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				if (!DatumGetBool(eval_result))
+				{
+					/* expression is false */
+					elog(DEBUG1, "expression for %s is false at row: %d", vname, relpos);
+					break;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/* expression is true */
+					elog(DEBUG1, "expression for %s is true at row: %d", vname, relpos);
+					appendStringInfoChar(encoded_str, vname[0]);
+
+					/* If quantifier is "+", we need to look for more matching row */
+					if (quantifier && !strcmp(quantifier, "+"))
+					{
+						/* remember that we want to try another row */
+						second_try_match = true;
+						relpos++;
+					}
+					else
+						break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (second_try_match)
+			relpos--;
+
+		if (out_of_frame)
+		{
+			*result = false;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		/* build regular expression */
+		snprintf(pattern_str, sizeof(pattern_str), "%c%s", vname[0], quantifier);
+
+		/*
+		 * Do regular expression matching against sequence of rows satisfying
+		 * the expression using regexp_instr().
+		 */
+		sts = DatumGetInt32(DirectFunctionCall2Coll(regexp_instr, DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
+													PointerGetDatum(cstring_to_text(encoded_str->data)),
+													PointerGetDatum(cstring_to_text(pattern_str))));
+		elog(DEBUG1, "regexp_instr returned: %d. str: %s regexp: %s",
+			 sts, encoded_str->data, pattern_str);
+		*result = (sts > 0)? true : false;
+	}
+	return relpos;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get current, previous and next tuple.
+ * Returns true if still within frame.
+ */
+static bool
+get_slots(WindowObject winobj, WindowAggState *winstate, int current_pos)
+{
+	TupleTableSlot *slot;
+	bool	isnull, isout;
+	int		sts;
+	ExprContext *econtext;
+
+	econtext = winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
+
+	/* for current row */
+	slot = winstate->temp_slot_1;
+	sts = WinGetSlotInFrame(winobj, slot,
+							current_pos, WINDOW_SEEK_HEAD, false,
+							&isnull, &isout);
+	if (sts < 0)
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG1, "current row is out of frame");
+		econtext->ecxt_scantuple = winstate->null_slot;
+		return false;
+	}
+	else
+		econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;
+
+	/* for PREV */
+	if (current_pos > 0)
+	{
+		slot = winstate->prev_slot;
+		sts = WinGetSlotInFrame(winobj, slot,
+								current_pos - 1, WINDOW_SEEK_HEAD, false,
+								&isnull, &isout);
+		if (sts < 0)
+		{
+			elog(DEBUG1, "previous row out of frame at: %d", current_pos);
+			econtext->ecxt_outertuple = winstate->null_slot;
+		}
+		econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
+	}
+	else
+		econtext->ecxt_outertuple = winstate->null_slot;
+
+	/* for NEXT */
+	slot = winstate->next_slot;
+	sts = WinGetSlotInFrame(winobj, slot,
+							current_pos + 1, WINDOW_SEEK_HEAD, false,
+							&isnull, &isout);
+	if (sts < 0)
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG1, "next row out of frame at: %d", current_pos);
+		econtext->ecxt_innertuple = winstate->null_slot;
+	}
+	else
+		econtext->ecxt_innertuple = slot;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * prev
+ * Dummy function to invoke RPR's navigation operator "PREV".
+ * This is *not* a window function.
+ */
+Datum
+window_prev(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PG_RETURN_DATUM(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+}
+
+/*
+ * next
+ * Dummy function to invoke RPR's navigation operation "NEXT".
+ * This is *not* a window function.
+ */
+Datum
+window_next(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PG_RETURN_DATUM(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+}
+
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 6996073989..e3a9e0ffeb 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -10397,6 +10397,15 @@
 { oid => '3114', descr => 'fetch the Nth row value',
   proname => 'nth_value', prokind => 'w', prorettype => 'anyelement',
   proargtypes => 'anyelement int4', prosrc => 'window_nth_value' },
+{ oid => '6122', descr => 'row pattern recognition in window',
+  proname => 'rpr', prokind => 'w', prorettype => 'anyelement',
+  proargtypes => 'anyelement', prosrc => 'window_rpr' },
+{ oid => '6123', descr => 'previous value',
+  proname => 'prev', provolatile => 's', prorettype => 'anyelement',
+  proargtypes => 'anyelement', prosrc => 'window_prev' },
+{ oid => '6124', descr => 'next value',
+  proname => 'next', provolatile => 's', prorettype => 'anyelement',
+  proargtypes => 'anyelement', prosrc => 'window_next' },
 
 # functions for range types
 { oid => '3832', descr => 'I/O',
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index cb714f4a19..1643eaa6f1 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -2519,6 +2519,14 @@ typedef struct WindowAggState
 	int64		groupheadpos;	/* current row's peer group head position */
 	int64		grouptailpos;	/* " " " " tail position (group end+1) */
 
+	/* these fields are used in Row pattern recognition: */
+	RPSkipTo	rpSkipTo;		/* Row Pattern Skip To type */	
+	List	   *patternVariableList;	/* list of row pattern variables names (list of String) */
+	List	   *patternRegexpList;	/* list of row pattern regular expressions ('+' or ''. list of String) */
+	List	   *defineVariableList;	/* list of row pattern definition variables (list of String) */
+	List	   *defineClauseList;	/* expression for row pattern definition
+									 * search conditions ExprState list */
+
 	MemoryContext partcontext;	/* context for partition-lifespan data */
 	MemoryContext aggcontext;	/* shared context for aggregate working data */
 	MemoryContext curaggcontext;	/* current aggregate's working data */
@@ -2555,6 +2563,11 @@ typedef struct WindowAggState
 	TupleTableSlot *agg_row_slot;
 	TupleTableSlot *temp_slot_1;
 	TupleTableSlot *temp_slot_2;
+
+	/* temporary slots for RPR */
+	TupleTableSlot *prev_slot;	/* PREV row navigation operator */
+	TupleTableSlot *next_slot;	/* NEXT row navigation operator */
+	TupleTableSlot *null_slot;	/* all NULL slot */
 } WindowAggState;
 
 /* ----------------
diff --git a/src/include/windowapi.h b/src/include/windowapi.h
index b8c2c565d1..a0facf38fe 100644
--- a/src/include/windowapi.h
+++ b/src/include/windowapi.h
@@ -58,7 +58,16 @@ extern Datum WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
 								  int relpos, int seektype, bool set_mark,
 								  bool *isnull, bool *isout);
 
+extern int WinGetSlotInFrame(WindowObject winobj, TupleTableSlot *slot,
+							 int relpos, int seektype, bool set_mark,
+							 bool *isnull, bool *isout);
+
 extern Datum WinGetFuncArgCurrent(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
 								  bool *isnull);
 
+extern WindowAggState *WinGetAggState(WindowObject winobj);
+
+extern bool window_gettupleslot(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos, TupleTableSlot *slot);
+
+
 #endif							/* WINDOWAPI_H */
-- 
2.25.1


----Next_Part(Mon_Jun_26_17_45_07_2023_724)--
Content-Type: Text/X-Patch; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline;
 filename="v2-0005-Row-pattern-recognition-patch-docs.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI
@ 2026-05-28 16:31 Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 145+ messages in thread

From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz @ 2026-05-28 16:31 UTC (permalink / raw)

Cirrus CI, which the project has used to run CI, is shutting down on
June 1, 2026. Replace it with a GitHub Actions. Github Actions is
selected because it has unlimited runner time for public repositories.

Github Action currently covers:

- SanityCheck
- Linux (Autoconf)
- Linux (Meson, 32- and 64-bit)
- macOS (Meson)
- Windows (Visual Studio + Meson and MinGW + Meson)
- CompilerWarnings

BSD coverage is left for later, as it requires more work.

Back-branches will be updated later, after being sure that workflow runs
correctly on master.

Author: Jelte Fennema-Nio <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Zsolt Parragi <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3ydjipcr7kbss57nvi67noplncqhesl5eyb6wgol4ccjxynspv%40yatlykpribmm
---
 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml  | 1026 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh |   19 +-
 2 files changed, 1042 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7ef0bee94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/postgresql-ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+# GitHub Actions CI configuration for PostgreSQL
+
+name: GitHub Actions CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+
+# Restrict GITHUB_TOKEN to the minimum the jobs need: reading repo
+# contents during checkout.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  # Never cancel in-progress runs on master to ensure all commits are tested.
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+env:
+  # The lower depth accelerates git clone. Use a bit of depth so that
+  # concurrent jobs and retrying older runs have a chance of working.
+  CLONE_DEPTH: 500
+
+  CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "250M"
+
+  # check target for the autoconf builds
+  CHECK: check-world PROVE_FLAGS=--timer
+  CHECKFLAGS: -Otarget
+
+  # Build test dependencies as part of the build step, to see compiler
+  # errors/warnings in one place.
+  MBUILD_TARGET: all testprep
+  MTEST_ARGS: --print-errorlogs --no-rebuild -C build
+  PGCTLTIMEOUT: 120  # avoids spurious failures during parallel tests
+  TEMP_CONFIG: ${{ github.workspace }}/src/tools/ci/pg_ci_base.conf
+  PG_TEST_EXTRA: kerberos ldap ssl libpq_encryption load_balance oauth
+
+  # Postgres config args for the meson builds, shared between all meson tasks
+  # except the 'SanityCheck' task
+  MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS: -Dcassert=true -Dinjection_points=true
+
+  # Meson feature flags shared by all meson tasks, except:
+  # SanityCheck: uses almost no dependencies.
+  # Windows - VS: has fewer dependencies than listed here, so defines its own.
+  # Linux: uses the 'auto' feature option to test meson feature autodetection.
+  MESON_COMMON_FEATURES: >-
+    -Dauto_features=disabled
+    -Dldap=enabled
+    -Dssl=openssl
+    -Dtap_tests=enabled
+    -Dplperl=enabled
+    -Dplpython=enabled
+    -Ddocs=enabled
+    -Dicu=enabled
+    -Dlibxml=enabled
+    -Dlibxslt=enabled
+    -Dlz4=enabled
+    -Dpltcl=enabled
+    -Dreadline=enabled
+    -Dzlib=enabled
+    -Dzstd=enabled
+
+  # Shared between the Linux autoconf job and the CompilerWarnings jobs
+  LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES: >-
+    --with-gssapi
+    --with-icu
+    --with-ldap
+    --with-libcurl
+    --with-libxml
+    --with-libxslt
+    --with-llvm
+    --with-lz4
+    --with-pam
+    --with-perl
+    --with-python
+    --with-selinux
+    --with-ssl=openssl
+    --with-systemd
+    --with-tcl --with-tclconfig=/usr/lib/tcl8.6/
+    --with-uuid=ossp
+    --with-zstd
+
+  # Debian Trixie container image used by all Linux jobs. Built by
+  # 'https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/';.
+  LINUX_CI_IMAGE: us-docker.pkg.dev/pg-ci-images/ci/linux_debian_trixie_ci:latest
+
+  # The full set of OS / job selectors recognized by the `ci-os-only:`
+  # commit-message directive parsed in the `setup` job below.
+  CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS: "linux macos windows mingw compilerwarnings sanitycheck"
+
+  _LOG_PATHS: &log_paths |
+    build*/testrun/**/*.log
+    build*/testrun/**/*.diffs
+    build*/testrun/**/regress_log_*
+    build*/meson-logs/*.txt
+
+
+jobs:
+  # Parse "ci-os-only: ..." from the commit message and expose flags
+  # consumed by the jobs' `if:` conditions.
+  setup:
+    name: Determine enabled jobs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    outputs:
+      linux: ${{ steps.os.outputs.linux }}
+      macos: ${{ steps.os.outputs.macos }}
+      windows: ${{ steps.os.outputs.windows }}
+      mingw: ${{ steps.os.outputs.mingw }}
+      compilerwarnings: ${{ steps.os.outputs.compilerwarnings }}
+      sanitycheck: ${{ steps.os.outputs.sanitycheck }}
+      # Re-export workflow-level env vars that other jobs need to reference
+      # from contexts (e.g. `jobs.<id>.container.image`) where the `env`
+      # context is not available.
+      linux_ci_image: ${{ env.LINUX_CI_IMAGE }}
+    steps:
+      - id: os
+        env:
+          MSG: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          all_os=${CI_OS_ONLY_JOBS}
+          if printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | grep -qE '^ci-os-only: '; then
+            sel=$(printf '%s\n' "$MSG" | sed -n 's/^ci-os-only: //p' | head -n 1)
+            echo "ci-os-only selection: $sel"
+          else
+            sel="$all_os"
+          fi
+          for o in $all_os; do
+            if echo " $sel " | grep -qE "[ ,]$o[ ,]"; then
+              echo "$o=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            else
+              echo "$o=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            fi
+          done
+          cat "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+
+  # To avoid unnecessarily spinning up a lot of VMs / containers for entirely
+  # broken commits, have a minimal task that all others depend on.
+  #
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Builds with --auto-features=disabled and thus almost no enabled
+  #   dependencies
+  sanity-check:
+    name: SanityCheck
+    needs: setup
+    if: needs.setup.outputs.sanitycheck == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern.
+      options: --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 8
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      # no options enabled, should be small
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "150M"
+    steps:
+      # Anchor reused by other jobs further down. GitHub Actions supports
+      # YAML anchors/aliases  but not merge keys, so the  alias copies the
+      # whole step verbatim. The anchor is resolved at YAML parse time, so the
+      # alias keeps working even if this job is skipped at runtime.
+      - &checkout_step
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: ${{ env.CLONE_DEPTH }}
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-sanitycheck-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-sanitycheck-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          whoami
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<-'EOF'
+            set -e
+            meson setup \
+              --buildtype=debug \
+              --auto-features=disabled \
+              -Ddefault_library=shared \
+              -Dtap_tests=enabled \
+              build
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+          EOF
+
+      # Run a minimal set of tests. The main regression tests take too long
+      # for this purpose. For now this is a random quick pg_regress style
+      # test, and a tap test that exercises both a frontend binary and the
+      # backend.
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --suite setup
+            meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS} \
+              cube/regress pg_ctl/001_start_stop
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          find / -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'core*' -exec mv '{}' /tmp/cores/ \;
+          src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: sanitycheck-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # Build & test postgres on Linux in three configurations.
+  #
+  # Autoconf:
+  # - Uses address sanitizer (sanitizer failures are typically printed in
+  #   the server log)
+  # - Configures postgres with a small segment size
+  # - Uses PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE=--copy-file-range
+  #
+  # Meson:
+  # - Test both 64- and 32-bit builds
+  # - Uses undefined behaviour and alignment sanitizers, (sanitizer failures
+  #   are typically printed in the server log)
+  # - Uses io_method=io_uring
+  # - Uses meson feature autodetection
+  # - 32-bit build tests with LANG=C to give ICU some buildfarm-uncovered
+  #   coverage. Also, newer Python insists on changing LC_CTYPE away from C,
+  #   prevent that with PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE.
+  #
+  # disable_coredump=0, abort_on_error=1: for useful backtraces in case of crashes
+  # print_stacktraces=1,verbosity=2, duh
+  # detect_leaks=0: too many uninteresting leak errors in short-lived binaries
+  linux:
+    name: Linux - ${{ matrix.name }}
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.linux == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Autoconf
+            slug: autoconf
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=address
+            pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode: '--copy-file-range'
+            configure: |
+              ./configure \
+                --enable-cassert --enable-injection-points --enable-debug \
+                --enable-tap-tests --enable-nls \
+                --with-segsize-blocks=6 \
+                --with-libnuma \
+                --with-liburing \
+                ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+                CLANG="ccache clang"
+            build: |
+              make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+            test: |
+              make -s ${CHECK} ${CHECKFLAGS} -j${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: |
+              **/*.log
+              **/*.diffs
+              **/regress_log_*
+
+          - name: Meson (64-bit)
+            slug: meson-64
+            cc: ccache gcc
+            cxx: ccache g++
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                -Dllvm=enabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+
+          - name: Meson (32-bit)
+            slug: meson-32
+            cc: ccache gcc -m32
+            cxx: ccache g++ -m32
+            sanitizer_flags: -fsanitize=alignment,undefined
+            pg_test_initdb_extra_opts: '-c io_method=io_uring'
+            configure: |
+              meson setup \
+                ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+                -Duuid=e2fs \
+                --buildtype=debug \
+                --pkg-config-path /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/ \
+                -DPERL=perl5.40-i386-linux-gnu \
+                -Dlibnuma=disabled \
+                build
+            build: |
+              ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+              ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+            test: |
+              PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 LANG=C \
+                meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} -C build --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+            logs_paths: *log_paths
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+      # Share the host PID + IPC namespaces. 017_shm.pl rapidly creates,
+      # kill9's, and restarts postgres; with the container's small PID
+      # space a new postgres can recycle the dead postmaster's PID before
+      # pg_ctl's postmaster.pid check notices, producing spurious "node X
+      # is already running" failures. SysV shm in the test also relies on
+      # host-like IPC behavior.
+      #
+      # --ulimit raises memlock and core dump size. Memlock is needed for
+      # running the AIO tests.
+      #
+      # --privileged is needed so the prepare step can write to sysctls
+      # under /proc/sys (it's mounted read-only without it). We use it to
+      # set kernel.core_pattern and (for the meson entries) to flip
+      # kernel.io_uring_disabled (default 2 on recent GH runner kernels).
+      options: --pid=host --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1:-1 --privileged
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      DEBUGINFOD_URLS: "https://debuginfod.debian.net";
+
+      UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:verbosity=2
+      ASAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:disable_coredump=0:abort_on_error=1:detect_leaks=0:detect_stack_use_after_return=0
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb -fno-sanitize-recover=all ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      LDFLAGS: ${{ matrix.sanitizer_flags }}
+      CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+      CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: ${{ matrix.pg_test_initdb_extra_opts }}
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: ${{ matrix.pg_test_pg_combinebackup_mode }}
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-
+
+      - name: Prepare workspace
+        run: |
+          useradd -m postgres
+          chown -R postgres:postgres .
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          chown -R postgres:postgres "$CCACHE_DIR"
+          mkdir -m 770 /tmp/cores
+          chown root:postgres /tmp/cores
+          sysctl kernel.core_pattern='/tmp/cores/%e-%s-%p.core'
+          # This is only needed on Linux Meson but it doesn't harm to have
+          # this enabled.
+          sysctl -w kernel.io_uring_disabled=0
+
+          cat >> /etc/hosts <<-EOF
+            127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest
+            127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ${{ matrix.build }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          su postgres <<EOF
+            set -e
+            ulimit -c unlimited
+            ${{ matrix.test }}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh linux /tmp/cores
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: linux-${{ matrix.slug }}-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.logs_paths }}
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  # SPECIAL:
+  # - Enables --clone for pg_upgrade and pg_combinebackup
+  # - Specifies configuration options that test reading/writing/copying of node trees
+  # - Specifies debug_parallel_query=regress, to catch related issues during CI
+  macos:
+    name: macOS - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.macos == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      # Test performance regresses noticeably when using all cores. 8 works OK.
+      # https://postgr.es/m/20220927040208.l3shfcidovpzqxfh%40awork3.anarazel.de
+      # Fix: Needs to be re-tested for GitHub Actions.
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/ccache_dir
+      MACPORTS_CACHE: ${{ github.workspace }}/macports-cache
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dbonjour=enabled
+        -Ddtrace=enabled
+        -Dgssapi=enabled
+        -Dlibcurl=enabled
+        -Dnls=enabled
+        -Duuid=e2fs
+
+      MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST: >-
+        ccache
+        icu
+        kerberos5
+        lz4
+        meson
+        openldap
+        openssl
+        p5.34-io-tty
+        p5.34-ipc-run
+        python312
+        tcl
+        zstd
+
+      CC: ccache cc
+      CXX: ccache c++
+      CFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      CXXFLAGS: -Og -ggdb
+      PG_TEST_PG_UPGRADE_MODE: --clone
+      PG_TEST_PG_COMBINEBACKUP_MODE: --clone
+
+      # Several buildfarm animals enable these options. Without testing them
+      # during CI, it would be easy to cause breakage on the buildfarm with CI
+      # passing.
+      PG_TEST_INITDB_EXTRA_OPTS: >-
+        -c debug_copy_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees=on
+        -c debug_raw_expression_coverage_test=on
+        -c debug_parallel_query=regress
+
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup core files
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/cores
+          sudo sysctl kern.corefile="$HOME/cores/core.%P"
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-macos-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-macos-
+
+      - name: Compute MacPorts cache key
+        id: mpkey
+        run: |
+          macos_major=$(sw_vers -productVersion | sed 's/\..*//')
+          pkglist_hash=$(printf '%s' "$MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST" | md5 -q)
+          script_hash=$(md5 -q src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh)
+          echo "key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "restore-key=macports-${macos_major}-${pkglist_hash}-${script_hash}-" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Restore MacPorts cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.MACPORTS_CACHE }}
+          key: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ steps.mpkey.outputs.restore-key }}
+
+      # Use MacPorts, even though Homebrew is installed. The installation
+      # of the additional packages we need would take quite a while with
+      # Homebrew, even if we cache the downloads. We can't cache all of
+      # Homebrew, because it's already large. So we use MacPorts. To cache
+      # the installation we create a .dmg file that we mount if it already
+      # exists.
+      # XXX: The reason for the direct p5.34* references is that we'd need
+      # the large MacPort tree around to figure out that p5-io-tty is
+      # actually p5.34-io-tty. Using the unversioned name works, but
+      # updates MacPorts every time.
+      - name: Install dependencies (MacPorts)
+        env:
+          # Pass token so the script's GitHub API call to list MacPorts
+          # releases isn't subject to the 60/h/IP unauthenticated rate
+          # limit (shared across all jobs on the runner's IP).
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          sh src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh $MACOS_PACKAGE_LIST
+          # system python doesn't provide headers
+          sudo /opt/local/bin/port select python3 python312
+          # Make macports install visible to subsequent steps
+          echo /opt/local/sbin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          echo /opt/local/bin >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/opt/local/lib/pkgconfig/"
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            --buildtype=debug \
+            -Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/local/include \
+            -Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/local/lib \
+            -Ddarwin_sysroot=none \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build -j${BUILD_JOBS} ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          ulimit -c unlimited  # default is 0
+          ulimit -n 1024 # default is 256, pretty low
+          meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      - name: Core backtraces
+        if: failure()
+        run: src/tools/ci/cores_backtrace.sh macos "$HOME/cores"
+
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: macos-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-vs:
+    name: Windows - VS - Meson & ninja
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.windows == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 8
+      # Avoid port conflicts between concurrent tap tests
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dcpp_args=/std:c++20
+        -Dauto_features=disabled
+        -Dtap_tests=enabled
+        -Dldap=enabled
+        -Dssl=openssl
+        -Dplperl=enabled
+        -Dplpython=enabled
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: cmd
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          chcp
+          systeminfo
+          set
+
+      # The TAP tests build an initdb template under build/tmp_install and
+      # then `robocopy` it into per-test data directories. Robocopy with the
+      # default /COPY:DAT flag doesn't copy ACLs — destinations inherit from
+      # their parent dir. On GitHub-hosted Windows runners the workspace's
+      # inherited ACL grants Administrators:(F) and Users:(RX) but does NOT
+      # grant the runner user (runneradmin) directly. That matters because
+      # pg_ctl on Windows uses CreateRestrictedProcess to drop admin
+      # privileges from postmaster, so the postmaster process has the user
+      # SID in its token but no longer the Administrators group — leaving it
+      # with only "Users:(RX)" on pg_control and friends, which causes
+      # "PANIC: could not open file global/pg_control: Permission denied".
+      #
+      # Fix it once on the workspace dir with (OI)(CI) inheritance flags so
+      # every file/dir created underneath gets an explicit grant for the
+      # current user.
+      - name: Grant workspace ACL to runner user
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          icacls "${{ github.workspace }}" /grant "${env:USERNAME}:(OI)(CI)F" /Q | Out-Null
+          Write-Host "Granted Full Control to $env:USERNAME on ${{ github.workspace }}"
+
+      # postgres' plpython3u loads python3.dll (the stable-ABI forwarder)
+      # which in turn loads whichever python3NN.dll the Windows loader finds
+      # first on PATH. On windows-2022 `C:\Program Files\Mercurial\` ships
+      # its own python3.dll + python39.dll and appears on PATH *before* the
+      # hostedtoolcache Python 3.12 — so without intervention the backend
+      # ends up running Python 3.9 while postgres' stdlib search uses 3.12,
+      # producing `ImportError: cannot import name 'text_encoding' from
+      # 'io'` (the 3.12 `io.py` calling into 3.9's `_io`).
+      #
+      # Drop Mercurial's directory from PATH so the hostedtoolcache
+      # python3.dll wins the DLL search.
+      - name: Remove Mercurial from PATH
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $filtered = ($env:PATH -split ';' |
+            Where-Object { $_ -and ($_ -notmatch '\\Mercurial\\?$') }) -join ';'
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "PATH=$filtered"
+          Write-Host "Removed Mercurial entries from PATH"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress --limitoutput diffutils winflexbison3
+          # meson + ninja aren't preinstalled on windows-2022. Install via pip
+          python -m pip install --upgrade meson ninja
+
+          # OpenSSL 1.1 via the slproweb installer (pinned to match the
+          # version used elsewhere in postgres CI).
+          curl.exe -fsSL -o openssl-setup.exe https://slproweb.com/download/Win64OpenSSL-1_1_1w.exe
+          Start-Process -Wait -FilePath ./openssl-setup.exe `
+            -ArgumentList '/DIR=d:\openssl\1.1\ /VERYSILENT /SP- /SUPPRESSMSGBOXES'
+          # The slproweb installer puts libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll / libssl-1_1-x64.dll
+          # in d:\openssl\1.1\bin\ and updates the system PATH. GH Actions
+          # snapshots PATH at job start though, so the running job won't
+          # see those DLLs and initdb.exe would crash silently at runtime.
+          # Push the bin dir onto GITHUB_PATH so it persists for later steps.
+          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "d:\openssl\1.1\bin"
+
+          # Install IPC::Run.
+          # - recommends_policy=0 keeps cpan from pulling in IO::Tty / IO::Pty,
+          #   which don't build on Windows ("This module requires a POSIX
+          #   compliant system to work").
+          # - Pin to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0 because TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          #   broke postgres tap tests on Windows (changed pipe stdio
+          #   handling). See upstream pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3 and
+          #   the thread at
+          #   https://postgr.es/m/CAN55FZ06xanSbJdHe-CurjX_qNuBWZDEvS1kAk36L38YCtZXnw%40mail.gmail.com
+          "o conf recommends_policy 0`no conf commit`nnotest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz" | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup hosts file
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.1 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.2 pg-loadbalancetest"
+          Add-Content c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts "127.0.0.3 pg-loadbalancetest"
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson setup --backend ninja %MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS% %MESON_FEATURES% --buildtype debug -Db_pch=true -Dextra_lib_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\lib -Dextra_include_dirs=d:\openssl\1.1\include -DTAR=%TAR% build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          ninja -C build %MBUILD_TARGET%
+          ninja -C build -t missingdeps
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
+          meson test %MTEST_ARGS% --num-processes %TEST_JOBS%
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-vs-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+
+  windows-mingw:
+    name: Windows - MinGW - Meson
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.mingw == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    env:
+      TEST_JOBS: 4  # higher concurrency causes occasional failures
+      PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS: 1
+      PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR: 'd:\pgsock'
+      TAR: "c:/windows/system32/tar.exe"
+
+      MSYS: winjitdebug
+      CHERE_INVOKING: 1
+      MSYSTEM: UCRT64
+
+      # Keep -Dnls explicitly disabled, as the number of files it creates
+      # causes a noticeable slowdown.
+      MESON_FEATURES: >-
+        -Dnls=disabled
+
+      CCACHE_DIR: D:/a/ccache
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "500M"
+      CCACHE_SLOPPINESS: pch_defines,time_macros
+      CCACHE_DEPEND: 1
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: 'D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe --login -eo pipefail "{0}"'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Disable Windows Defender
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true -SubmitSamplesConsent NeverSend -MAPSReporting Disable
+          # Verify Defender status
+          $status = Get-MpComputerStatus -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($status) {
+              Write-Host "RealTimeProtectionEnabled: $($status.RealTimeProtectionEnabled)"
+              Write-Host "AntivirusEnabled: $($status.AntivirusEnabled)"
+          }
+
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      # Relocate the preinstalled MSYS2 tree from C:\ (slow system disk) to
+      # D:\ (faster ephemeral data disk). Every subsequent MSYS2 step uses
+      # D:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe via the job's `defaults.run.shell`.
+      #
+      # This reduces the total runtime of this task by ~15 minutes.
+      #
+      # robocopy returns 0-7 on success (with various "files copied" bits
+      # set) and 8+ on real failure, so we have to translate its exit code.
+      - name: Relocate MSYS2 to D
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          robocopy C:\msys64 D:\msys64 /E /MT:16 /NJS /NJH /NFL /NDL /NP
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ge 8) { exit $LASTEXITCODE }
+          exit 0
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2
+        run: |
+          # ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX} is an environment variable used in the
+          # MSYS2. It dynamically expands to the correct prefix for the active
+          # shell environment.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed \
+            git bison flex make diffutils \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-ccache \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-icu \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libbacktrace \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxslt \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-lz4 \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-make \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-perl \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkg-config \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-readline \
+            ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-zlib
+
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          # Pin IPC::Run to NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0; TODDR/IPC-Run-20260322.0
+          # broke postgres tap tests on Windows (pipe stdio handling).
+          # See pg-vm-images commit ff5238afa3.
+          (echo; echo o conf recommends_policy 0; echo notest install NJM/IPC-Run-20250809.0.tar.gz) | cpan
+          perl -mIPC::Run -e 1
+
+      - name: Setup socket directory
+        shell: cmd
+        run: mkdir %PG_REGRESS_SOCK_DIR%
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-mingw-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-mingw-
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          meson setup \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_PG_CONFIG_ARGS} \
+            -Ddebug=true -Doptimization=g -Db_pch=true \
+            ${MESON_COMMON_FEATURES} \
+            ${MESON_FEATURES} \
+            -DTAR=${TAR} \
+            build
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja -C build ${MBUILD_TARGET}
+
+      - name: Test world
+        run: meson test ${MTEST_ARGS} --num-processes ${TEST_JOBS}
+
+      # FIX: We need to collect crashlogs but they are not collected. cdb.exe
+      # is installed on the runner so it needs to be configured.
+      - name: Upload logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: windows-mingw-logs-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: *log_paths
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+
+  # Test that code can be built with both gcc and clang without warnings,
+  # with various combinations of cassert/dtrace flags. Trace probes have
+  # a history of getting accidentally broken; the matrix is there to
+  # catch that.
+  #
+  # The autoconf cache files (gcc.cache / clang.cache) are intentionally
+  # reused across the matrix entries that share a compiler, so we don't
+  # pay for full feature detection on every entry.
+  compiler-warnings:
+    name: CompilerWarnings
+    needs: [setup, sanity-check]
+    if: |
+      !cancelled() &&
+      needs.setup.outputs.compilerwarnings == 'true' &&
+      needs.sanity-check.result != 'failure'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    container:
+      image: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.linux_ci_image }}
+    env:
+      BUILD_JOBS: 4
+      CCACHE_DIR: /tmp/ccache_dir
+      # Use larger ccache cache as this job compiles with multiple
+      # compilers / flag combinations.
+      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: "1G"
+    steps:
+      - *checkout_step
+
+      - name: Restore ccache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.CCACHE_DIR }}
+          key: ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-${{ github.ref_name }}-
+            ccache-compiler-warnings-
+
+      - name: Sysinfo
+        run: |
+          id
+          uname -a
+          cat /proc/cmdline
+          ulimit -a -H && ulimit -a -S
+          gcc -v
+          clang -v
+          env
+
+      - name: Setup workspace
+        run: |
+          echo "COPT=-Werror" > src/Makefile.custom
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+      # gcc, cassert off, dtrace on
+      - name: gcc warnings + (dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # gcc, cassert on, dtrace off
+      - name: gcc warnings + (cassert)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert off, dtrace off
+      - name: clang warnings
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      # clang, cassert on, dtrace on
+      - name: clang warnings + (cassert + dtrace)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache clang.cache \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --enable-dtrace \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            CC="ccache clang" CXX="ccache clang++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      - name: mingw warnings (cross compilation)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --host=x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt \
+            --enable-cassert \
+            --without-icu \
+            CC="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-gcc" \
+            CXX="ccache x86_64-w64-mingw32ucrt-g++"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} world-bin
+
+      ###
+      # Verify docs can be built
+      ###
+      # XXX: Only do this if there have been changes in doc/ since last build
+      - name: Build documentation
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -C doc
+
+      ###
+      # Verify headerscheck / cpluspluscheck succeed
+      #
+      # - Run both in same script to increase parallelism, use -k to get
+      #   result of both
+      # - Use -fmax-errors, as particularly cpluspluscheck can be very verbose
+      ###
+      - name: headerscheck + cpluspluscheck
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          ./configure \
+            ${LINUX_CONFIGURE_FEATURES} \
+            --cache gcc.cache \
+            --quiet \
+            CC="ccache gcc" CXX="ccache g++" CLANG="ccache clang"
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} clean
+          make -s -j${BUILD_JOBS} -k ${CHECKFLAGS} headerscheck cpluspluscheck EXTRAFLAGS='-fmax-errors=10'
diff --git a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
index 63e97b37c78..18a06f96119 100755
--- a/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
+++ b/src/tools/ci/ci_macports_packages.sh
@@ -20,13 +20,26 @@ echo "macOS major version: $macos_major_version"
 # macOS release.
 macports_release_list_url="https://api.github.com/repos/macports/macports-base/releases";
 macports_version_pattern="2\.10\.1"
-macports_url="$( curl -s $macports_release_list_url | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
+# Authenticate the GitHub API request when a token is available (e.g. on
+# GitHub Actions). Unauthenticated requests share a 60/h/IP rate limit
+# with every other job on the runner's IP and frequently return an error
+# JSON, leaving $macports_url empty and breaking the subsequent curl.
+auth_header=""
+if [ -n "$GITHUB_TOKEN" ]; then
+    auth_header="Authorization: Bearer $GITHUB_TOKEN"
+fi
+macports_url="$( curl -fsSL ${auth_header:+-H "$auth_header"} "$macports_release_list_url" | grep "\"https://github.com/macports/macports-base/releases/download/v$macports_version_pattern/MacPorts-$mac...-[A-Za-z]*\.pkg\"" | sed 's/.*: "//;s/".*//' | head -1 )"
 echo "MacPorts package URL: $macports_url"
 
+if [ -z "$macports_url" ]; then
+    echo "error: could not determine MacPorts package URL for macOS $macos_major_version (version pattern: $macports_version_pattern)" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 cache_dmg="macports.hfs.dmg"
 
-if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ]; then
-    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci" 1>2
+if [ "$CIRRUS_CI" != "true" ] && [ "$GITHUB_ACTIONS" != "true" ]; then
+    echo "expect to be called within cirrus-ci or github actions" 1>2
     exit 1
 fi
 
-- 
2.54.0.380.gc69baaf57b


--rv3g7aw7ud36z5b5
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v6a-0002-gha-Andres-revisions.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 145+ messages in thread


end of thread, other threads:[~2026-05-28 16:31 UTC | newest]

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-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2023-06-26 08:05 [PATCH v2 4/7] Row pattern recognition patch (executor). Tatsuo Ishii <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
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2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
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2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
2026-05-28 16:31 [PATCH v6a 1/5] Add GitHub Actions workflow for CI Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>

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