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[PATCH v22 3/5] Allow REINDEX to change tablespace
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* [PATCH v22 3/5] Allow REINDEX to change tablespace
@ 2020-03-23 18:10  Alexey Kondratov <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Alexey Kondratov @ 2020-03-23 18:10 UTC (permalink / raw)

REINDEX already does full relation rewrite, this patch adds a
possibility to specify a new tablespace where new relfilenode
will be created.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml             |  22 +++++
 src/backend/catalog/index.c               | 101 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c            |   2 +-
 src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c          |  72 +++++++++++++--
 src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c          |   2 +-
 src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c             |   1 +
 src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c            |   1 +
 src/backend/tcop/utility.c                |   2 +
 src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c               |   4 +-
 src/include/catalog/index.h               |   5 +-
 src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h            |   1 +
 src/test/regress/input/tablespace.source  |  45 ++++++++++
 src/test/regress/output/tablespace.source |  61 +++++++++++++
 13 files changed, 301 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml
index ff369a7313..3672cedf6d 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/reindex.sgml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ REINDEX [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] { IN
 <phrase>where <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> can be one of:</phrase>
 
     VERBOSE [ <replaceable class="parameter">boolean</replaceable> ]
+    TABLESPACE <replaceable class="parameter">new_tablespace</replaceable>
 </synopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>
 
@@ -160,6 +161,19 @@ REINDEX [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] { IN
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>TABLESPACE</literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This specifies that indexes will be rebuilt on a new tablespace.
+      Cannot be used with "mapped" relations. If <literal>SCHEMA</literal>,
+      <literal>DATABASE</literal> or <literal>SYSTEM</literal> is specified, then
+      all unsuitable relations will be skipped and a single <literal>WARNING</literal>
+      will be generated.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
    <varlistentry>
     <term><literal>VERBOSE</literal></term>
     <listitem>
@@ -196,6 +210,14 @@ REINDEX [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] { IN
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">new_tablespace</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The tablespace where indexes will be rebuilt.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1be27eec52..19d778cdb7 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "commands/event_trigger.h"
 #include "commands/progress.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
+#include "commands/tablespace.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -1218,9 +1219,13 @@ index_create(Relation heapRelation,
  * Create concurrently an index based on the definition of the one provided by
  * caller.  The index is inserted into catalogs and needs to be built later
  * on.  This is called during concurrent reindex processing.
+ *
+ * "tablespaceOid" is the new tablespace to use for this index.  If
+ * InvalidOid, use the tablespace in-use instead.
  */
 Oid
-index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId, const char *newName)
+index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId,
+							   Oid tablespaceOid, const char *newName)
 {
 	Relation	indexRelation;
 	IndexInfo  *oldInfo,
@@ -1350,7 +1355,8 @@ index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation, Oid oldIndexId, const char
 							  newInfo,
 							  indexColNames,
 							  indexRelation->rd_rel->relam,
-							  indexRelation->rd_rel->reltablespace,
+							  OidIsValid(tablespaceOid) ?
+								tablespaceOid : indexRelation->rd_rel->reltablespace,
 							  indexRelation->rd_indcollation,
 							  indclass->values,
 							  indcoloptions->values,
@@ -3404,10 +3410,12 @@ IndexGetRelation(Oid indexId, bool missing_ok)
 
 /*
  * reindex_index - This routine is used to recreate a single index
+ *
+ * See comments of reindex_relation() for details about "tablespaceOid".
  */
 void
-reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
-			  int options)
+reindex_index(Oid indexId, Oid tablespaceOid, bool skip_constraint_checks,
+			  char persistence, int options)
 {
 	Relation	iRel,
 				heapRelation;
@@ -3416,6 +3424,7 @@ reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
 	volatile bool skipped_constraint = false;
 	PGRUsage	ru0;
 	bool		progress = (options & REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS) != 0;
+	bool		set_tablespace = OidIsValid(tablespaceOid);
 
 	pg_rusage_init(&ru0);
 
@@ -3454,6 +3463,35 @@ reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
 		elog(ERROR, "unsupported relation kind for index \"%s\"",
 			 RelationGetRelationName(iRel));
 
+	/*
+	 * We don't support moving system relations into different tablespaces,
+	 * unless allow_system_table_mods=1.
+	 */
+	if (set_tablespace &&
+		!allowSystemTableMods && IsSystemRelation(iRel))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+				 errmsg("permission denied: \"%s\" is a system catalog",
+						RelationGetRelationName(iRel))));
+
+	/*
+	 * We cannot support moving mapped relations into different tablespaces.
+	 * (In particular this eliminates all shared catalogs.)
+	 */
+	if (set_tablespace && RelationIsMapped(iRel))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("cannot change tablespace of mapped relation \"%s\"",
+						RelationGetRelationName(iRel))));
+
+	/* It's not a shared catalog, so refuse to move it to shared tablespace */
+	if (tablespaceOid == GLOBALTABLESPACE_OID)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("cannot move non-shared relation to tablespace \"%s\"",
+					 get_tablespace_name(tablespaceOid))));
+
+
 	/*
 	 * Don't allow reindex on temp tables of other backends ... their local
 	 * buffer manager is not going to cope.
@@ -3480,6 +3518,47 @@ reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
 	 */
 	CheckTableNotInUse(iRel, "REINDEX INDEX");
 
+	if (tablespaceOid == MyDatabaseTableSpace)
+		tablespaceOid = InvalidOid;
+
+	/*
+	 * Set the new tablespace for the relation.  Do that only in the
+	 * case where the reindex caller wishes to enforce a new tablespace.
+	 */
+	if (set_tablespace &&
+		tablespaceOid != iRel->rd_rel->reltablespace)
+	{
+		Relation		pg_class;
+		Form_pg_class	rd_rel;
+		HeapTuple		tuple;
+
+		/* First get a modifiable copy of the relation's pg_class row */
+		pg_class = table_open(RelationRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
+
+		tuple = SearchSysCacheCopy1(RELOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(indexId));
+		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
+			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", indexId);
+		rd_rel = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
+
+		/*
+		 * Mark the relation as ready to be dropped at transaction commit,
+		 * before making visible the new tablespace change so as this won't
+		 * miss things.
+		 */
+		RelationDropStorage(iRel);
+
+		/* Update the pg_class row */
+		rd_rel->reltablespace = tablespaceOid;
+		CatalogTupleUpdate(pg_class, &tuple->t_self, tuple);
+
+		heap_freetuple(tuple);
+
+		table_close(pg_class, RowExclusiveLock);
+
+		/* Make sure the reltablespace change is visible */
+		CommandCounterIncrement();
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * All predicate locks on the index are about to be made invalid. Promote
 	 * them to relation locks on the heap.
@@ -3611,6 +3690,9 @@ reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
  * reindex_relation - This routine is used to recreate all indexes
  * of a relation (and optionally its toast relation too, if any).
  *
+ * "tablespaceOid" is the tablespace where the relation's indexes will be
+ * rebuilt, or InvalidOid to keep each index on its current tablespace.
+ *
  * "flags" is a bitmask that can include any combination of these bits:
  *
  * REINDEX_REL_PROCESS_TOAST: if true, process the toast table too (if any).
@@ -3643,7 +3725,7 @@ reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
  * index rebuild.
  */
 bool
-reindex_relation(Oid relid, int flags, int options)
+reindex_relation(Oid relid, Oid tablespaceOid, int flags, int options)
 {
 	Relation	rel;
 	Oid			toast_relid;
@@ -3731,7 +3813,8 @@ reindex_relation(Oid relid, int flags, int options)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		reindex_index(indexOid, !(flags & REINDEX_REL_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS),
+		reindex_index(indexOid, tablespaceOid,
+					  !(flags & REINDEX_REL_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS),
 					  persistence, options);
 
 		CommandCounterIncrement();
@@ -3757,7 +3840,11 @@ reindex_relation(Oid relid, int flags, int options)
 	 * still hold the lock on the main table.
 	 */
 	if ((flags & REINDEX_REL_PROCESS_TOAST) && OidIsValid(toast_relid))
-		result |= reindex_relation(toast_relid, flags, options);
+	{
+		/* Even if table was moved to new tablespace, normally toast cannot move */
+		Oid toasttablespaceOid = allowSystemTableMods ? tablespaceOid : InvalidOid;
+		result |= reindex_relation(toast_relid, toasttablespaceOid, flags, options);
+	}
 
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 1817b8829a..90a7dacbe7 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ finish_heap_swap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid OIDNewHeap,
 	pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CLUSTER_PHASE,
 								 PROGRESS_CLUSTER_PHASE_REBUILD_INDEX);
 
-	reindex_relation(OIDOldHeap, reindex_flags, 0);
+	reindex_relation(OIDOldHeap, InvalidOid, reindex_flags, 0);
 
 	/* Report that we are now doing clean up */
 	pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CLUSTER_PHASE,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
index 097d8720a4..cc59731bde 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ static char *ChooseIndexNameAddition(List *colnames);
 static List *ChooseIndexColumnNames(List *indexElems);
 static void RangeVarCallbackForReindexIndex(const RangeVar *relation,
 											Oid relId, Oid oldRelId, void *arg);
-static bool ReindexRelationConcurrently(Oid relationOid, int options);
+static bool ReindexRelationConcurrently(Oid relationOid, Oid tablespaceOid, int options);
 static void ReindexPartitionedIndex(Relation parentIdx);
 static void update_relispartition(Oid relationId, bool newval);
 static bool CompareOpclassOptions(Datum *opts1, Datum *opts2, int natts);
@@ -2425,6 +2425,7 @@ ReindexIndex(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 	RangeVar *indexRelation = stmt->relation;
 	struct ReindexIndexCallbackState state;
 	Oid			indOid;
+	Oid			tablespaceOid = InvalidOid;
 	Relation	irel;
 	char		persistence;
 
@@ -2459,12 +2460,17 @@ ReindexIndex(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 	}
 
 	persistence = irel->rd_rel->relpersistence;
+
+	/* Define new tablespaceOid if requested */
+	if (stmt->tablespacename)
+		tablespaceOid = get_tablespace_oid(stmt->tablespacename, false);
+
 	index_close(irel, NoLock);
 
 	if (state.concurrent && persistence != RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP)
-		ReindexRelationConcurrently(indOid, stmt->options);
+		ReindexRelationConcurrently(indOid, tablespaceOid, stmt->options);
 	else
-		reindex_index(indOid, false, persistence,
+		reindex_index(indOid, tablespaceOid, false, persistence,
 					  stmt->options | REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS);
 }
 
@@ -2549,6 +2555,7 @@ ReindexTable(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 	Oid			heapOid;
 	bool		result;
 	bool		concurrent = (stmt->options & REINDEXOPT_CONCURRENT);
+	Oid 		tablespaceOid = InvalidOid;
 
 	/*
 	 * The lock level used here should match reindex_relation().
@@ -2563,9 +2570,13 @@ ReindexTable(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 									   0,
 									   RangeVarCallbackOwnsTable, NULL);
 
+	/* Define new tablespaceOid if requested */
+	if (stmt->tablespacename)
+		tablespaceOid = get_tablespace_oid(stmt->tablespacename, false);
+
 	if (concurrent && get_rel_persistence(heapOid) != RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP)
 	{
-		result = ReindexRelationConcurrently(heapOid, stmt->options);
+		result = ReindexRelationConcurrently(heapOid, tablespaceOid, stmt->options);
 
 		if (!result)
 			ereport(NOTICE,
@@ -2575,6 +2586,7 @@ ReindexTable(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 	else
 	{
 		result = reindex_relation(heapOid,
+								  tablespaceOid,
 								  REINDEX_REL_PROCESS_TOAST |
 								  REINDEX_REL_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS,
 								  stmt->options | REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS);
@@ -2601,6 +2613,7 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 	const char *objectName = stmt->name;
 	ReindexObjectType objectKind = stmt->kind;
 	Oid			objectOid;
+	Oid			tablespaceOid = InvalidOid;
 	Relation	relationRelation;
 	TableScanDesc scan;
 	ScanKeyData scan_keys[1];
@@ -2612,6 +2625,8 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 	int			num_keys;
 	bool		concurrent_warning = false;
 	bool		concurrent = (stmt->options & REINDEXOPT_CONCURRENT);
+	bool		tablespace_warning = false;
+	bool		mapped_warning = false;
 
 	AssertArg(objectName);
 	Assert(objectKind == REINDEX_OBJECT_SCHEMA ||
@@ -2650,6 +2665,10 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 						   objectName);
 	}
 
+	/* Define new tablespaceOid if requested */
+	if (stmt->tablespacename)
+		tablespaceOid = get_tablespace_oid(stmt->tablespacename, false);
+
 	/*
 	 * Create a memory context that will survive forced transaction commits we
 	 * do below.  Since it is a child of PortalContext, it will go away
@@ -2740,6 +2759,35 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		if (OidIsValid(tablespaceOid) &&
+			IsSystemClass(relid, classtuple))
+		{
+			if (!allowSystemTableMods)
+			{
+				/* Skip all system relations, if not allowSystemTableMods */
+				if (!tablespace_warning)
+					ereport(WARNING,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
+							 errmsg("cannot change tablespace of indexes on system relations, skipping all")));
+				tablespace_warning = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+			else if (!OidIsValid(classtuple->relfilenode))
+			{
+				/*
+				 * Skip all mapped relations if TABLESPACE is specified.
+				 * OidIsValid(relfilenode) checks that, similar to
+				 * RelationIsMapped().
+				 */
+				if (!mapped_warning)
+					ereport(WARNING,
+							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+							 errmsg("cannot change tablespace of indexes on mapped relations, skipping all")));
+				mapped_warning = true;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
 		/* Save the list of relation OIDs in private context */
 		old = MemoryContextSwitchTo(private_context);
 
@@ -2773,7 +2821,7 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 
 		if (concurrent && get_rel_persistence(relid) != RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP)
 		{
-			(void) ReindexRelationConcurrently(relid, stmt->options);
+			(void) ReindexRelationConcurrently(relid, tablespaceOid, stmt->options);
 			/* ReindexRelationConcurrently() does the verbose output */
 		}
 		else
@@ -2781,6 +2829,7 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
 			bool		result;
 
 			result = reindex_relation(relid,
+									  tablespaceOid,
 									  REINDEX_REL_PROCESS_TOAST |
 									  REINDEX_REL_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS,
 									  stmt->options | REINDEXOPT_REPORT_PROGRESS);
@@ -2813,6 +2862,9 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
  * itself will be rebuilt.  If 'relationOid' belongs to a partitioned table
  * then we issue a warning to mention these are not yet supported.
  *
+ * 'tablespaceOid' is the tablespace where the relation's indexes will be
+ * rebuilt.
+ *
  * The locks taken on parent tables and involved indexes are kept until the
  * transaction is committed, at which point a session lock is taken on each
  * relation.  Both of these protect against concurrent schema changes.
@@ -2827,7 +2879,7 @@ ReindexMultipleTables(ReindexStmt *stmt)
  * anyway, and a non-concurrent reindex is more efficient.
  */
 static bool
-ReindexRelationConcurrently(Oid relationOid, int options)
+ReindexRelationConcurrently(Oid relationOid, Oid tablespaceOid, int options)
 {
 	List	   *heapRelationIds = NIL;
 	List	   *indexIds = NIL;
@@ -3030,6 +3082,13 @@ ReindexRelationConcurrently(Oid relationOid, int options)
 			break;
 	}
 
+	/* It's not a shared catalog, so refuse to move it to shared tablespace */
+	if (tablespaceOid == GLOBALTABLESPACE_OID)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("cannot move non-shared relation to tablespace \"%s\"",
+					 get_tablespace_name(tablespaceOid))));
+
 	/* Definitely no indexes, so leave */
 	if (indexIds == NIL)
 	{
@@ -3101,6 +3160,7 @@ ReindexRelationConcurrently(Oid relationOid, int options)
 		/* Create new index definition based on given index */
 		newIndexId = index_concurrently_create_copy(heapRel,
 													indexId,
+													tablespaceOid,
 													concurrentName);
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index cd989c95e5..02779a05d6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -1873,7 +1873,7 @@ ExecuteTruncateGuts(List *explicit_rels, List *relids, List *relids_logged,
 			/*
 			 * Reconstruct the indexes to match, and we're done.
 			 */
-			reindex_relation(heap_relid, REINDEX_REL_PROCESS_TOAST, 0);
+			reindex_relation(heap_relid, InvalidOid, REINDEX_REL_PROCESS_TOAST, 0);
 		}
 
 		pgstat_count_truncate(rel);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index a67e637c37..c565929636 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -4452,6 +4452,7 @@ _copyReindexStmt(const ReindexStmt *from)
 	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
 	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(options);
 	COPY_NODE_FIELD(params);
+	COPY_STRING_FIELD(tablespacename);
 
 	return newnode;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index efcb23c12e..9b7a47f535 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2137,6 +2137,7 @@ _equalReindexStmt(const ReindexStmt *a, const ReindexStmt *b)
 	COMPARE_STRING_FIELD(name);
 	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(options);
 	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(params);
+	COMPARE_STRING_FIELD(tablespacename);
 
 	return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/utility.c b/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
index 639b6fce74..7744e6b61e 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/utility.c
@@ -544,6 +544,8 @@ void parse_reindex_params(ParseState *pstate, ReindexStmt *stmt)
 		}
 		else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "concurrently") == 0)
 			stmt->options |= REINDEXOPT_CONCURRENT;
+		else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "tablespace") == 0)
+			stmt->tablespacename = defGetString(opt);
 		else
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
index de85772ff9..0ae0bf2a4b 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
@@ -3483,7 +3483,9 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 		 * one word, so the above test is correct.
 		 */
 		if (ends_with(prev_wd, '(') || ends_with(prev_wd, ','))
-			COMPLETE_WITH("CONCURRENTLY", "VERBOSE");
+			COMPLETE_WITH("CONCURRENTLY", "TABLESPACE", "VERBOSE");
+		else if (TailMatches("TABLESPACE"))
+			COMPLETE_WITH_QUERY(Query_for_list_of_tablespaces);
 	}
 
 /* SECURITY LABEL */
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/index.h b/src/include/catalog/index.h
index f58e8675f3..d5af4ea89d 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/index.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/index.h
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ extern Oid	index_create(Relation heapRelation,
 
 extern Oid	index_concurrently_create_copy(Relation heapRelation,
 										   Oid oldIndexId,
+										   Oid tablespaceOid,
 										   const char *newName);
 
 extern void index_concurrently_build(Oid heapRelationId,
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ extern void index_set_state_flags(Oid indexId, IndexStateFlagsAction action);
 
 extern Oid	IndexGetRelation(Oid indexId, bool missing_ok);
 
-extern void reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks,
+extern void reindex_index(Oid indexId, Oid tablespaceOid, bool skip_constraint_checks,
 						  char relpersistence, int options);
 
 /* Flag bits for reindex_relation(): */
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ extern void reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks,
 #define REINDEX_REL_FORCE_INDEXES_UNLOGGED	0x08
 #define REINDEX_REL_FORCE_INDEXES_PERMANENT 0x10
 
-extern bool reindex_relation(Oid relid, int flags, int options);
+extern bool reindex_relation(Oid relid, Oid tablespaceOid, int flags, int options);
 
 extern bool ReindexIsProcessingHeap(Oid heapOid);
 extern bool ReindexIsProcessingIndex(Oid indexOid);
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index ba685139ef..60650ede4f 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -3372,6 +3372,7 @@ typedef struct ReindexStmt
 	const char *name;			/* name of database to reindex */
 	int			options;		/* Reindex options flags */
 	List		*params;		/* Params not further parsed by the grammer */
+	char	   *tablespacename; /* name of tablespace where index is to be rebuilt */
 } ReindexStmt;
 
 /* ----------------------
diff --git a/src/test/regress/input/tablespace.source b/src/test/regress/input/tablespace.source
index a5f61a35dc..230cf46833 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/input/tablespace.source
+++ b/src/test/regress/input/tablespace.source
@@ -17,6 +17,48 @@ ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace SET (some_nonexistent_parameter = true);  -- f
 ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost = 2.0); -- fail
 ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost, effective_io_concurrency); -- ok
 
+-- create table to test REINDEX with TABLESPACE change
+CREATE TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1 bigint, num2 double precision, num3 double precision);
+INSERT INTO regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1, num2, num3)
+  SELECT round(random()*100), random(), random()*42
+  FROM generate_series(1, 20000) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx ON regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1);
+
+-- check that REINDEX with TABLESPACE change is transactional
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace');
+
+-- first, let us reindex and move the entire database, after that return everything back
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) DATABASE regression; -- ok with warning
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_default) DATABASE regression; -- ok with warning
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace');
+
+-- check REINDEX with TABLESPACE change
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx; -- ok
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl; -- ok
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_authid; -- fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) SYSTEM CONCURRENTLY postgres; -- fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_am; -- fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx; -- fail
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_am; -- fail
+
+-- check that all relations moved to new tablespace
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace')
+ORDER BY relname;
+
+-- move indexes back to pg_default tablespace
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_default) TABLE CONCURRENTLY regress_tblspace_test_tbl; -- ok
+
+-- check that all relations moved back to pg_default
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace');
+
 -- create a schema we can use
 CREATE SCHEMA testschema;
 
@@ -279,6 +321,9 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default
 -- Should succeed
 DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed;
 
+DROP INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+DROP TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+
 DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
 
 DROP ROLE regress_tablespace_user1;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/output/tablespace.source b/src/test/regress/output/tablespace.source
index 162b591b31..ec5742df98 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/output/tablespace.source
+++ b/src/test/regress/output/tablespace.source
@@ -20,6 +20,65 @@ ERROR:  unrecognized parameter "some_nonexistent_parameter"
 ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost = 2.0); -- fail
 ERROR:  RESET must not include values for parameters
 ALTER TABLESPACE regress_tblspace RESET (random_page_cost, effective_io_concurrency); -- ok
+-- create table to test REINDEX with TABLESPACE change
+CREATE TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1 bigint, num2 double precision, num3 double precision);
+INSERT INTO regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1, num2, num3)
+  SELECT round(random()*100), random(), random()*42
+  FROM generate_series(1, 20000) s(i);
+CREATE INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx ON regress_tblspace_test_tbl (num1);
+-- check that REINDEX with TABLESPACE change is transactional
+BEGIN;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace');
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- first, let us reindex and move the entire database, after that return everything back
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) DATABASE regression; -- ok with warning
+WARNING:  cannot change tablespace of indexes on system relations, skipping all
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_default) DATABASE regression; -- ok with warning
+WARNING:  cannot change tablespace of indexes on system relations, skipping all
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace');
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check REINDEX with TABLESPACE change
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx; -- ok
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl; -- ok
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_authid; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied: "pg_authid_rolname_index" is a system catalog
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) SYSTEM CONCURRENTLY postgres; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE CONCURRENTLY pg_am; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot reindex system catalogs concurrently
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_global) INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx; -- fail
+ERROR:  cannot move non-shared relation to tablespace "pg_global"
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE regress_tblspace) TABLE pg_am; -- fail
+ERROR:  permission denied: "pg_am_name_index" is a system catalog
+-- check that all relations moved to new tablespace
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace')
+ORDER BY relname;
+            relname            
+-------------------------------
+ regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx
+(1 row)
+
+-- move indexes back to pg_default tablespace
+REINDEX (TABLESPACE pg_default) TABLE CONCURRENTLY regress_tblspace_test_tbl; -- ok
+-- check that all relations moved back to pg_default
+SELECT relname FROM pg_class
+WHERE reltablespace=(SELECT oid FROM pg_tablespace WHERE spcname='regress_tblspace');
+ relname 
+---------
+(0 rows)
+
 -- create a schema we can use
 CREATE SCHEMA testschema;
 -- try a table
@@ -736,6 +795,8 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed SET TABLESPACE pg_default
 NOTICE:  no matching relations in tablespace "regress_tblspace_renamed" found
 -- Should succeed
 DROP TABLESPACE regress_tblspace_renamed;
+DROP INDEX regress_tblspace_test_tbl_idx;
+DROP TABLE regress_tblspace_test_tbl;
 DROP SCHEMA testschema CASCADE;
 NOTICE:  drop cascades to 6 other objects
 DETAIL:  drop cascades to table testschema.foo
-- 
2.17.0


--g7w8+K/95kPelPD2
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v22-0004-Allow-CLUSTER-and-VACUUM-FULL-to-change-tablespa.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 30 +++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 29 +++++++++
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               | 11 +++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c | 10 ++-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  8 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  | 13 ++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |  1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             |  9 ++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  8 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |  2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 12 ++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 18 ++++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       | 17 ++++-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  3 +
 src/include/storage/fd.h              |  4 ++
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |  1 +
 26 files changed, 369 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..872fef5705 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>initdb</command>, and relevant
+        error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..af8eb43251 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,36 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_basebackup</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..70fb65a474 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk. Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_checksums</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..88139a3064 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  This may be a lot faster than the
+        <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't need to open each
+        file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower if the file
+        system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files,
+        since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_dump</command>, and relevant
+        error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..ed170a4c4c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_rewind</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..dd2ae6cbc9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,35 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        This may be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting,
+        because it doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other
+        hand, it may be slower if a file system is shared by other applications
+        that modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to
+        disk.  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors
+        encountered while writing data to disk may not be reported to
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command>, and relevant error messages may appear
+        only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 3f4167682a..908263ee62 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static char *str_wal_segment_size_mb = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -3106,6 +3108,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3285,6 +3288,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3332,7 +3339,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3409,7 +3416,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..3443a91956 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -2199,11 +2200,11 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		if (format == 't')
 		{
 			if (strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir);
+				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir, sync_method);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2282,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2454,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 19eb67e485..a1dfc51273 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -445,6 +446,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -503,6 +505,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -633,7 +639,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index aba780ef4b..7a2bb92938 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define PG_BACKUP_H
 
 #include "common/compression.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 
@@ -307,7 +308,8 @@ extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker);
+							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+							  SyncMethod sync_method);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 39ebcfec32..979db4bba6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ typedef struct _parallelReadyList
 static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr);
+							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
+							   SyncMethod sync_method);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, bool isData);
 static char *sanitize_line(const char *str, bool want_hyphen);
@@ -238,11 +239,12 @@ Archive *
 CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker)
+			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+			  SyncMethod sync_method)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
-				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker);
+				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker, SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -2233,7 +2235,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2287,6 +2289,7 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
 	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 18b38c17ab..e32e00547b 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec; /* Requested specification for
 												 * compression */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
+	SyncMethod	sync_method;
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index 7f2ac7c7fd..6faa3a511f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * individually. Just recurse once through all the files generated.
 		 */
 		if (AH->dosync)
-			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory);
+			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory, AH->sync_method);
 	}
 	AH->FH = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 5dab1ba9ea..fec1b6b3a9 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *compression_algorithm_str = "none";
 	char	   *error_detail = NULL;
 	bool		user_compression_defined = false;
+	SyncMethod	sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 	static DumpOptions dopt;
 
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -657,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index f7f3b8227f..a424762f1e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+SyncMethod	sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -131,6 +133,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +221,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..a7ce754880 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern SyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..4f9da8e685 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	SyncMethod	unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 3eea0139c7..13457b2f75 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..8aa7784b5f 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,6 +115,55 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		DIR		   *dir;
+		struct dirent *de;
+
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We only expect
+		 * filesystem boundaries to exist where we tolerate symlinks, namely
+		 * pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we call syncfs() for each of those
+		 * directories.
+		 */
+
+		/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+		do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+		/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+		dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+		if (dir == NULL)
+			pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+		else
+		{
+			while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+			{
+				char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+				if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+					strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+					continue;
+
+				snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+				do_syncfs(subpath);
+			}
+
+			if (errno)
+				pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+
+			(void) closedir(dir);
+		}
+
+		/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+		if (xlog_is_symlink)
+			do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
@@ -121,8 +196,20 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
  * This is a convenient wrapper on top of walkdir().
  */
 void
-fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir)
+fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync the whole filesystem.
+		 */
+		do_syncfs(dir);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..c65aedf8f5 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,21 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, SyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+		*sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#endif
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index b7efa1226d..3044f7f742 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -27,12 +27,23 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
 #ifdef FRONTEND
+
+typedef enum SyncMethod
+{
+	SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+#endif
+} SyncMethod;
+
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
-extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 SyncMethod sync_method);
+extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, SyncMethod sync_method);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
-#endif
+
+#endif							/* FRONTEND */
 
 extern PGFileType get_dirent_type(const char *path,
 								  const struct dirent *de,
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..3ad8737219 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,6 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, SyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index 6791a406fc..196f20e716 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 #ifndef FD_H
 #define FD_H
 
+#ifndef FRONTEND
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
@@ -195,6 +197,8 @@ extern int	durable_unlink(const char *fname, int elevel);
 extern void SyncDataDirectory(void);
 extern int	data_sync_elevel(int elevel);
 
+#endif							/* ! FRONTEND */
+
 /* Filename components */
 #define PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR "pgsql_tmp"
 #define PG_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX "pgsql_tmp"
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index ab97f1794a..0635ce4a87 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -2678,6 +2678,7 @@ SupportRequestSelectivity
 SupportRequestSimplify
 SupportRequestWFuncMonotonic
 Syn
+SyncMethod
 SyncOps
 SyncRepConfigData
 SyncRepStandbyData
-- 
2.25.1


--82I3+IH0IqGh5yIs--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v9 4/4] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml              | 12 +++------
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 22 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 22 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 21 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 22 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 23 +++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml              | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               |  6 +++++
 src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl        | 12 +++++++++
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c |  7 ++++++
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  6 +++++
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             |  7 ++++++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  8 ++++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 13 ++++++++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +++--
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 24 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  4 +++
 21 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 694d667bf9..2c7d9f1262 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -10580,15 +10580,9 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
         On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead, to ask the
         operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
         data directory, the WAL files and each tablespace (but not any other
-        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  This may
-        be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it
-        doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may
-        be slower if a file system is shared by other applications that
-        modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to disk.
-        Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered
-        while writing data to disk may not be reported to
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, and relevant error messages may
-        appear only in kernel logs.
+        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
        </para>
        <para>
         This parameter can only be set in the
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 63b0fc2a46..df5d7c3025 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 <!ENTITY acronyms   SYSTEM "acronyms.sgml">
 <!ENTITY glossary   SYSTEM "glossary.sgml">
 <!ENTITY color      SYSTEM "color.sgml">
+<!ENTITY syncfs     SYSTEM "syncfs.sgml">
 
 <!ENTITY features-supported   SYSTEM "features-supported.sgml">
 <!ENTITY features-unsupported SYSTEM "features-unsupported.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
index 2e271862fc..f629524be0 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ break is not needed in a wider output rendering.
   &acronyms;
   &glossary;
   &color;
+  &syncfs;
   &obsolete;
 
  </part>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..8a09c5c438 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..d2b8ddd200 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,31 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..7b44ba71cf 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..c1e2220b3c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,27 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information
+        about using <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..80dff16168 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..6c033485ea 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,29 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00457d2457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml -->
+
+<appendix id="syncfs">
+ <title><function>syncfs()</function> Caveats</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="syncfs">
+  <primary>syncfs</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+  On Linux <function>syncfs()</function> may be specified for some
+  configuration parameters (e.g.,
+  <xref linkend="guc-recovery-init-sync-method"/>), server applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_upgrade</application>), and client applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_basebackup</application>) that involve synchronizing many
+  files to disk.  <function>syncfs()</function> is advantageous in many cases,
+  but there are some trade-offs to keep in mind.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Since <function>syncfs()</function> instructs the operating system to
+  synchronize a whole file system, it typically requires many fewer system
+  calls than using <function>fsync()</function> to synchronize each file one by
+  one.  Therefore, using <function>syncfs()</function> may be a lot faster than
+  using <function>fsync()</function>.  However, it may be slower if a file
+  system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files, since
+  those files will also be written to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while
+  writing data to disk may not be reported to the calling program, and relevant
+  error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+ </para>
+
+</appendix>
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index bbea1e412b..543927b8b4 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -2467,6 +2467,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3107,6 +3108,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3287,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
index 2d7469d2fc..45f96cd8bb 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use Test::More;
 my $tempdir = PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::tempdir;
 my $xlogdir = "$tempdir/pgxlog";
 my $datadir = "$tempdir/data";
+my $supports_syncfs = check_pg_config("#define HAVE_SYNCFS 1");
 
 program_help_ok('initdb');
 program_version_ok('initdb');
@@ -82,6 +83,17 @@ command_fails([ 'pg_checksums', '-D', $datadir ],
 command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir ], 'sync only');
 command_fails([ 'initdb', $datadir ], 'existing data directory');
 
+if ($supports_syncfs)
+{
+	command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir, '--sync-method', 'syncfs' ],
+		'sync method syncfs');
+}
+else
+{
+	command_fails([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir, '--sync-method', 'syncfs' ],
+		'sync method syncfs');
+}
+
 # Check group access on PGDATA
 SKIP:
 {
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1a6eacf6d5..977c793a67 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -425,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2282,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2453,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 123450f483..9fb2c5b3c7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -436,6 +437,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -494,6 +496,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 39a468b131..dc4a28e81e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -658,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -1069,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index bdfacf3263..bfd44a284e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -219,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..b9d900d0db 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 7afa96716e..842f3b6cd3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..36ac689964 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,27 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#else
+		pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+					 "syncfs");
+		return false;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..6f3a965916 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,7 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
-- 
2.25.1


--2fHTh5uZTiUOsy+g--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 30 +++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 29 +++++++++
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  9 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  | 13 ++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |  1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             | 10 ++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  9 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |  2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 13 ++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 18 ++++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       | 17 ++++-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  3 +
 src/include/storage/fd.h              |  4 ++
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |  1 +
 26 files changed, 376 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..872fef5705 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>initdb</command>, and relevant
+        error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..af8eb43251 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,36 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_basebackup</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..70fb65a474 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk. Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_checksums</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..88139a3064 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  This may be a lot faster than the
+        <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't need to open each
+        file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower if the file
+        system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files,
+        since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_dump</command>, and relevant
+        error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..ed170a4c4c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_rewind</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..dd2ae6cbc9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,35 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        This may be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting,
+        because it doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other
+        hand, it may be slower if a file system is shared by other applications
+        that modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to
+        disk.  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors
+        encountered while writing data to disk may not be reported to
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command>, and relevant error messages may appear
+        only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 3f4167682a..bfbe5bd3fd 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static char *str_wal_segment_size_mb = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -2466,6 +2468,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3106,6 +3109,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3285,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3332,7 +3340,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3409,7 +3417,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..51f29f83fd 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -424,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2199,11 +2202,11 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		if (format == 't')
 		{
 			if (strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir);
+				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir, sync_method);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 19eb67e485..3ddbffd471 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -445,6 +447,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -503,6 +506,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -633,7 +640,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index aba780ef4b..7a2bb92938 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define PG_BACKUP_H
 
 #include "common/compression.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 
@@ -307,7 +308,8 @@ extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker);
+							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+							  SyncMethod sync_method);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 39ebcfec32..979db4bba6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ typedef struct _parallelReadyList
 static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr);
+							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
+							   SyncMethod sync_method);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, bool isData);
 static char *sanitize_line(const char *str, bool want_hyphen);
@@ -238,11 +239,12 @@ Archive *
 CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker)
+			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+			  SyncMethod sync_method)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
-				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker);
+				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker, SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -2233,7 +2235,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2287,6 +2289,7 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
 	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 18b38c17ab..e32e00547b 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec; /* Requested specification for
 												 * compression */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
+	SyncMethod	sync_method;
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index 7f2ac7c7fd..6faa3a511f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * individually. Just recurse once through all the files generated.
 		 */
 		if (AH->dosync)
-			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory);
+			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory, AH->sync_method);
 	}
 	AH->FH = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 5dab1ba9ea..b8117fe536 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *compression_algorithm_str = "none";
 	char	   *error_detail = NULL;
 	bool		user_compression_defined = false;
+	SyncMethod	sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 	static DumpOptions dopt;
 
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -657,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
@@ -1068,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index f7f3b8227f..25cffb897d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+SyncMethod	sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..a7ce754880 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern SyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..44675131a2 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	SyncMethod	unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 3eea0139c7..13457b2f75 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..8aa7784b5f 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,6 +115,55 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		DIR		   *dir;
+		struct dirent *de;
+
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We only expect
+		 * filesystem boundaries to exist where we tolerate symlinks, namely
+		 * pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we call syncfs() for each of those
+		 * directories.
+		 */
+
+		/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+		do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+		/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+		dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+		if (dir == NULL)
+			pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+		else
+		{
+			while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+			{
+				char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+				if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+					strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+					continue;
+
+				snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+				do_syncfs(subpath);
+			}
+
+			if (errno)
+				pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+
+			(void) closedir(dir);
+		}
+
+		/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+		if (xlog_is_symlink)
+			do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
@@ -121,8 +196,20 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
  * This is a convenient wrapper on top of walkdir().
  */
 void
-fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir)
+fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync the whole filesystem.
+		 */
+		do_syncfs(dir);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..c65aedf8f5 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,21 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, SyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+		*sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#endif
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index b7efa1226d..3044f7f742 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -27,12 +27,23 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
 #ifdef FRONTEND
+
+typedef enum SyncMethod
+{
+	SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+#endif
+} SyncMethod;
+
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
-extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 SyncMethod sync_method);
+extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, SyncMethod sync_method);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
-#endif
+
+#endif							/* FRONTEND */
 
 extern PGFileType get_dirent_type(const char *path,
 								  const struct dirent *de,
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..3ad8737219 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,6 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, SyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index 6791a406fc..196f20e716 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 #ifndef FD_H
 #define FD_H
 
+#ifndef FRONTEND
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
@@ -195,6 +197,8 @@ extern int	durable_unlink(const char *fname, int elevel);
 extern void SyncDataDirectory(void);
 extern int	data_sync_elevel(int elevel);
 
+#endif							/* ! FRONTEND */
+
 /* Filename components */
 #define PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR "pgsql_tmp"
 #define PG_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX "pgsql_tmp"
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 66823bc2a7..bebb2b8e49 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -2677,6 +2677,7 @@ SupportRequestSelectivity
 SupportRequestSimplify
 SupportRequestWFuncMonotonic
 Syn
+SyncMethod
 SyncOps
 SyncRepConfigData
 SyncRepStandbyData
-- 
2.25.1


--sdtB3X0nJg68CQEu--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v4 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 30 +++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 27 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 29 +++++++++
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c         |  4 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c   |  7 ++-
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  9 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  | 14 +++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |  1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             | 10 ++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  9 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |  2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 13 ++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 24 +++++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       | 15 ++++-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  4 ++
 src/include/storage/fd.h              | 10 ++-
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |  1 +
 28 files changed, 388 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..872fef5705 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>initdb</command>, and relevant
+        error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..af8eb43251 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,36 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_basebackup</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..70fb65a474 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk. Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_checksums</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..88139a3064 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  This may be a lot faster than the
+        <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't need to open each
+        file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower if the file
+        system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files,
+        since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_dump</command>, and relevant
+        error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..ed170a4c4c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,33 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  This may be a lot
+        faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it doesn't
+        need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may be slower
+        if a file system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of
+        files, since those files will also be written to disk.  Furthermore, on
+        versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while writing data
+        to disk may not be reported to <command>pg_rewind</command>, and
+        relevant error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..dd2ae6cbc9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,35 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        This may be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting,
+        because it doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other
+        hand, it may be slower if a file system is shared by other applications
+        that modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to
+        disk.  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors
+        encountered while writing data to disk may not be reported to
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command>, and relevant error messages may appear
+        only in kernel logs.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index a027a8aabc..206db91217 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ int			max_safe_fds = FD_MINFREE;	/* default if not changed */
 bool		data_sync_retry = false;
 
 /* How SyncDataDirectory() should do its job. */
-int			recovery_init_sync_method = RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+int			recovery_init_sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Which kinds of files should be opened with PG_O_DIRECT. */
 int			io_direct_flags;
@@ -3513,7 +3513,7 @@ SyncDataDirectory(void)
 	}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	if (recovery_init_sync_method == RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	if (recovery_init_sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
 	{
 		DIR		   *dir;
 		struct dirent *de;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index f9dba43b8c..331f65cbe6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "commands/user.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/scram-common.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
 #include "libpq/auth.h"
@@ -430,9 +431,9 @@ StaticAssertDecl(lengthof(ssl_protocol_versions_info) == (PG_TLS1_3_VERSION + 2)
 				 "array length mismatch");
 
 static const struct config_enum_entry recovery_init_sync_method_options[] = {
-	{"fsync", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
+	{"fsync", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	{"syncfs", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
+	{"syncfs", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
 #endif
 	{NULL, 0, false}
 };
@@ -4964,7 +4965,7 @@ struct config_enum ConfigureNamesEnum[] =
 			gettext_noop("Sets the method for synchronizing the data directory before crash recovery."),
 		},
 		&recovery_init_sync_method,
-		RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
+		DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
 		NULL, NULL, NULL
 	},
 
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 3f4167682a..6d7d10cffb 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static char *str_wal_segment_size_mb = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -2466,6 +2468,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3106,6 +3109,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3285,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3332,7 +3340,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3409,7 +3417,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..977c793a67 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -424,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2199,11 +2202,11 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		if (format == 't')
 		{
 			if (strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir);
+				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir, sync_method);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 19eb67e485..adcc767b0f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -445,6 +447,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -503,6 +506,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -633,7 +640,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index aba780ef4b..3a57cdd97d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define PG_BACKUP_H
 
 #include "common/compression.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 
@@ -307,7 +308,8 @@ extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker);
+							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 39ebcfec32..4d83381d84 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ typedef struct _parallelReadyList
 static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr);
+							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
+							   DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, bool isData);
 static char *sanitize_line(const char *str, bool want_hyphen);
@@ -238,11 +239,12 @@ Archive *
 CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker)
+			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+			  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -257,7 +259,8 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
-				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker);
+				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker,
+				  DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -2233,7 +2236,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2287,6 +2290,7 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
 	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 18b38c17ab..b07673933d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec; /* Requested specification for
 												 * compression */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index 7f2ac7c7fd..6faa3a511f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * individually. Just recurse once through all the files generated.
 		 */
 		if (AH->dosync)
-			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory);
+			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory, AH->sync_method);
 	}
 	AH->FH = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 5dab1ba9ea..895360dac7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *compression_algorithm_str = "none";
 	char	   *error_detail = NULL;
 	bool		user_compression_defined = false;
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 	static DumpOptions dopt;
 
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -657,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
@@ -1068,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index f7f3b8227f..64a7469f22 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..05729adfef 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..b9d900d0db 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 3eea0139c7..13457b2f75 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..c977c990ad 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,6 +115,55 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		DIR		   *dir;
+		struct dirent *de;
+
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We only expect
+		 * filesystem boundaries to exist where we tolerate symlinks, namely
+		 * pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we call syncfs() for each of those
+		 * directories.
+		 */
+
+		/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+		do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+		/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+		dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+		if (dir == NULL)
+			pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+		else
+		{
+			while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+			{
+				char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+				if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+					strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+					continue;
+
+				snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+				do_syncfs(subpath);
+			}
+
+			if (errno)
+				pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+
+			(void) closedir(dir);
+		}
+
+		/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+		if (xlog_is_symlink)
+			do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
@@ -121,8 +196,20 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
  * This is a convenient wrapper on top of walkdir().
  */
 void
-fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir)
+fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync the whole filesystem.
+		 */
+		do_syncfs(dir);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..36ac689964 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,27 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#else
+		pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+					 "syncfs");
+		return false;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index b7efa1226d..93aa5bdaf8 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -26,13 +26,22 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
+typedef enum DataDirSyncMethod
+{
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+} DataDirSyncMethod;
+
 #ifdef FRONTEND
+
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
-extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
+extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
-#endif
+
+#endif							/* FRONTEND */
 
 extern PGFileType get_dirent_type(const char *path,
 								  const struct dirent *de,
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..6f3a965916 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,7 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index 6791a406fc..dedb773304 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -43,15 +43,11 @@
 #ifndef FD_H
 #define FD_H
 
+#ifndef FRONTEND
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
-typedef enum RecoveryInitSyncMethod
-{
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
-}			RecoveryInitSyncMethod;
-
 typedef int File;
 
 
@@ -195,6 +191,8 @@ extern int	durable_unlink(const char *fname, int elevel);
 extern void SyncDataDirectory(void);
 extern int	data_sync_elevel(int elevel);
 
+#endif							/* ! FRONTEND */
+
 /* Filename components */
 #define PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR "pgsql_tmp"
 #define PG_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX "pgsql_tmp"
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 51b7951ad8..07387ed251 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -2678,6 +2678,7 @@ SupportRequestSelectivity
 SupportRequestSimplify
 SupportRequestWFuncMonotonic
 Syn
+DataDirSyncMethod
 SyncOps
 SyncRepConfigData
 SyncRepStandbyData
-- 
2.25.1


--k+w/mQv8wyuph6w0--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v5 2/2] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml              | 12 +---
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 22 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 25 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 22 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 21 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 22 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 23 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml              | 36 +++++++++++
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c         |  4 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c   |  7 ++-
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  9 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  | 14 +++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |  1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             | 10 ++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  9 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |  2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 13 ++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 24 +++++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       | 11 +++-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  4 ++
 src/include/storage/fd.h              |  6 --
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |  1 +
 32 files changed, 390 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 11251fa05e..77b008b854 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -10580,15 +10580,9 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
         On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead, to ask the
         operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
         data directory, the WAL files and each tablespace (but not any other
-        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  This may
-        be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it
-        doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may
-        be slower if a file system is shared by other applications that
-        modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to disk.
-        Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered
-        while writing data to disk may not be reported to
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, and relevant error messages may
-        appear only in kernel logs.
+        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
        </para>
        <para>
         This parameter can only be set in the
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 63b0fc2a46..df5d7c3025 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 <!ENTITY acronyms   SYSTEM "acronyms.sgml">
 <!ENTITY glossary   SYSTEM "glossary.sgml">
 <!ENTITY color      SYSTEM "color.sgml">
+<!ENTITY syncfs     SYSTEM "syncfs.sgml">
 
 <!ENTITY features-supported   SYSTEM "features-supported.sgml">
 <!ENTITY features-unsupported SYSTEM "features-unsupported.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
index 2e271862fc..f629524be0 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ break is not needed in a wider output rendering.
   &acronyms;
   &glossary;
   &color;
+  &syncfs;
   &obsolete;
 
  </part>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..8a09c5c438 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..d2b8ddd200 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,31 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..7b44ba71cf 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..c1e2220b3c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,27 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information
+        about using <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..80dff16168 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..6c033485ea 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,29 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00457d2457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml -->
+
+<appendix id="syncfs">
+ <title><function>syncfs()</function> Caveats</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="syncfs">
+  <primary>syncfs</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+  On Linux <function>syncfs()</function> may be specified for some
+  configuration parameters (e.g.,
+  <xref linkend="guc-recovery-init-sync-method"/>), server applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_upgrade</application>), and client applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_basebackup</application>) that involve synchronizing many
+  files to disk.  <function>syncfs()</function> is advantageous in many cases,
+  but there are some trade-offs to keep in mind.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Since <function>syncfs()</function> instructs the operating system to
+  synchronize a whole file system, it typically requires many fewer system
+  calls than using <function>fsync()</function> to synchronize each file one by
+  one.  Therefore, using <function>syncfs()</function> may be a lot faster than
+  using <function>fsync()</function>.  However, it may be slower if a file
+  system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files, since
+  those files will also be written to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while
+  writing data to disk may not be reported to the calling program, and relevant
+  error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+ </para>
+
+</appendix>
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index a027a8aabc..206db91217 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ int			max_safe_fds = FD_MINFREE;	/* default if not changed */
 bool		data_sync_retry = false;
 
 /* How SyncDataDirectory() should do its job. */
-int			recovery_init_sync_method = RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+int			recovery_init_sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Which kinds of files should be opened with PG_O_DIRECT. */
 int			io_direct_flags;
@@ -3513,7 +3513,7 @@ SyncDataDirectory(void)
 	}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	if (recovery_init_sync_method == RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	if (recovery_init_sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
 	{
 		DIR		   *dir;
 		struct dirent *de;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index f9dba43b8c..331f65cbe6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "commands/user.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/scram-common.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
 #include "libpq/auth.h"
@@ -430,9 +431,9 @@ StaticAssertDecl(lengthof(ssl_protocol_versions_info) == (PG_TLS1_3_VERSION + 2)
 				 "array length mismatch");
 
 static const struct config_enum_entry recovery_init_sync_method_options[] = {
-	{"fsync", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
+	{"fsync", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	{"syncfs", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
+	{"syncfs", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
 #endif
 	{NULL, 0, false}
 };
@@ -4964,7 +4965,7 @@ struct config_enum ConfigureNamesEnum[] =
 			gettext_noop("Sets the method for synchronizing the data directory before crash recovery."),
 		},
 		&recovery_init_sync_method,
-		RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
+		DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
 		NULL, NULL, NULL
 	},
 
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 3f4167682a..6d7d10cffb 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static char *str_wal_segment_size_mb = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -2466,6 +2468,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3106,6 +3109,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3285,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3332,7 +3340,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3409,7 +3417,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..977c793a67 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -424,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2199,11 +2202,11 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		if (format == 't')
 		{
 			if (strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir);
+				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir, sync_method);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 9011a19b4e..9fb2c5b3c7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -435,6 +437,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -493,6 +496,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -623,7 +630,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index aba780ef4b..3a57cdd97d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define PG_BACKUP_H
 
 #include "common/compression.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 
@@ -307,7 +308,8 @@ extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker);
+							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 39ebcfec32..4d83381d84 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ typedef struct _parallelReadyList
 static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr);
+							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
+							   DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, bool isData);
 static char *sanitize_line(const char *str, bool want_hyphen);
@@ -238,11 +239,12 @@ Archive *
 CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker)
+			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+			  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -257,7 +259,8 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
-				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker);
+				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker,
+				  DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -2233,7 +2236,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2287,6 +2290,7 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
 	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 18b38c17ab..b07673933d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec; /* Requested specification for
 												 * compression */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index 7f2ac7c7fd..6faa3a511f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * individually. Just recurse once through all the files generated.
 		 */
 		if (AH->dosync)
-			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory);
+			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory, AH->sync_method);
 	}
 	AH->FH = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 5dab1ba9ea..895360dac7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *compression_algorithm_str = "none";
 	char	   *error_detail = NULL;
 	bool		user_compression_defined = false;
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 	static DumpOptions dopt;
 
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -657,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
@@ -1068,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index f7f3b8227f..64a7469f22 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..05729adfef 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..b9d900d0db 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 3eea0139c7..13457b2f75 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..c977c990ad 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,6 +115,55 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		DIR		   *dir;
+		struct dirent *de;
+
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We only expect
+		 * filesystem boundaries to exist where we tolerate symlinks, namely
+		 * pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we call syncfs() for each of those
+		 * directories.
+		 */
+
+		/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+		do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+		/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+		dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+		if (dir == NULL)
+			pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+		else
+		{
+			while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+			{
+				char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+				if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+					strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+					continue;
+
+				snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+				do_syncfs(subpath);
+			}
+
+			if (errno)
+				pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+
+			(void) closedir(dir);
+		}
+
+		/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+		if (xlog_is_symlink)
+			do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
@@ -121,8 +196,20 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
  * This is a convenient wrapper on top of walkdir().
  */
 void
-fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir)
+fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync the whole filesystem.
+		 */
+		do_syncfs(dir);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..36ac689964 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,27 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#else
+		pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+					 "syncfs");
+		return false;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index dd1532bcb0..09d1e5d561 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -26,10 +26,17 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
+typedef enum DataDirSyncMethod
+{
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+} DataDirSyncMethod;
+
 #ifdef FRONTEND
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
-extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
+extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..6f3a965916 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,7 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index aea30c0622..d9d5d9da5f 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
-typedef enum RecoveryInitSyncMethod
-{
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
-}			RecoveryInitSyncMethod;
-
 typedef int File;
 
 
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 51b7951ad8..46c916ae24 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ DR_printtup
 DR_sqlfunction
 DR_transientrel
 DWORD
+DataDirSyncMethod
 DataDumperPtr
 DataPageDeleteStack
 DatabaseInfo
-- 
2.25.1


--X1bOJ3K7DJ5YkBrT--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v6 2/2] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml              | 12 +---
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 22 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 25 ++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 22 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 21 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 22 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 23 +++++++
 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml              | 36 +++++++++++
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c         |  4 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c   |  7 ++-
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               | 11 +++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c | 12 +++-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  9 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  | 14 +++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |  1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             | 10 ++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  9 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |  2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 13 ++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 24 +++++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       | 11 +++-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  4 ++
 src/include/storage/fd.h              |  6 --
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |  1 +
 32 files changed, 389 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 694d667bf9..2c7d9f1262 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -10580,15 +10580,9 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
         On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead, to ask the
         operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
         data directory, the WAL files and each tablespace (but not any other
-        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  This may
-        be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it
-        doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may
-        be slower if a file system is shared by other applications that
-        modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to disk.
-        Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered
-        while writing data to disk may not be reported to
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, and relevant error messages may
-        appear only in kernel logs.
+        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
        </para>
        <para>
         This parameter can only be set in the
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 63b0fc2a46..df5d7c3025 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 <!ENTITY acronyms   SYSTEM "acronyms.sgml">
 <!ENTITY glossary   SYSTEM "glossary.sgml">
 <!ENTITY color      SYSTEM "color.sgml">
+<!ENTITY syncfs     SYSTEM "syncfs.sgml">
 
 <!ENTITY features-supported   SYSTEM "features-supported.sgml">
 <!ENTITY features-unsupported SYSTEM "features-unsupported.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
index 2e271862fc..f629524be0 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ break is not needed in a wider output rendering.
   &acronyms;
   &glossary;
   &color;
+  &syncfs;
   &obsolete;
 
  </part>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..8a09c5c438 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..d2b8ddd200 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,31 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..7b44ba71cf 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..c1e2220b3c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,27 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information
+        about using <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..80dff16168 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..6c033485ea 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,29 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00457d2457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml -->
+
+<appendix id="syncfs">
+ <title><function>syncfs()</function> Caveats</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="syncfs">
+  <primary>syncfs</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+  On Linux <function>syncfs()</function> may be specified for some
+  configuration parameters (e.g.,
+  <xref linkend="guc-recovery-init-sync-method"/>), server applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_upgrade</application>), and client applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_basebackup</application>) that involve synchronizing many
+  files to disk.  <function>syncfs()</function> is advantageous in many cases,
+  but there are some trade-offs to keep in mind.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Since <function>syncfs()</function> instructs the operating system to
+  synchronize a whole file system, it typically requires many fewer system
+  calls than using <function>fsync()</function> to synchronize each file one by
+  one.  Therefore, using <function>syncfs()</function> may be a lot faster than
+  using <function>fsync()</function>.  However, it may be slower if a file
+  system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files, since
+  those files will also be written to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while
+  writing data to disk may not be reported to the calling program, and relevant
+  error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+ </para>
+
+</appendix>
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index b490a76ba7..3fed475c38 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ int			max_safe_fds = FD_MINFREE;	/* default if not changed */
 bool		data_sync_retry = false;
 
 /* How SyncDataDirectory() should do its job. */
-int			recovery_init_sync_method = RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+int			recovery_init_sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Which kinds of files should be opened with PG_O_DIRECT. */
 int			io_direct_flags;
@@ -3513,7 +3513,7 @@ SyncDataDirectory(void)
 	}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	if (recovery_init_sync_method == RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	if (recovery_init_sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
 	{
 		DIR		   *dir;
 		struct dirent *de;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index e565a3092f..5abebe9a9c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "commands/user.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/scram-common.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
 #include "libpq/auth.h"
@@ -430,9 +431,9 @@ StaticAssertDecl(lengthof(ssl_protocol_versions_info) == (PG_TLS1_3_VERSION + 2)
 				 "array length mismatch");
 
 static const struct config_enum_entry recovery_init_sync_method_options[] = {
-	{"fsync", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
+	{"fsync", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	{"syncfs", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
+	{"syncfs", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
 #endif
 	{NULL, 0, false}
 };
@@ -4964,7 +4965,7 @@ struct config_enum ConfigureNamesEnum[] =
 			gettext_noop("Sets the method for synchronizing the data directory before crash recovery."),
 		},
 		&recovery_init_sync_method,
-		RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
+		DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
 		NULL, NULL, NULL
 	},
 
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 905b979947..543927b8b4 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ static bool show_setting = false;
 static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb = (DEFAULT_XLOG_SEG_SIZE) / (1024 * 1024);
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -2466,6 +2467,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3106,6 +3108,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3286,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3333,7 +3340,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3396,7 +3403,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..977c793a67 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -424,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2199,11 +2202,11 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		if (format == 't')
 		{
 			if (strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir);
+				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir, sync_method);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 9011a19b4e..9fb2c5b3c7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -435,6 +437,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -493,6 +496,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -623,7 +630,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index aba780ef4b..3a57cdd97d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define PG_BACKUP_H
 
 #include "common/compression.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 
@@ -307,7 +308,8 @@ extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker);
+							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 39ebcfec32..4d83381d84 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ typedef struct _parallelReadyList
 static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr);
+							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
+							   DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, bool isData);
 static char *sanitize_line(const char *str, bool want_hyphen);
@@ -238,11 +239,12 @@ Archive *
 CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker)
+			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+			  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -257,7 +259,8 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
-				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker);
+				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker,
+				  DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -2233,7 +2236,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2287,6 +2290,7 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
 	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 18b38c17ab..b07673933d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec; /* Requested specification for
 												 * compression */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index 7f2ac7c7fd..6faa3a511f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * individually. Just recurse once through all the files generated.
 		 */
 		if (AH->dosync)
-			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory);
+			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory, AH->sync_method);
 	}
 	AH->FH = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 65f64c282d..dc4a28e81e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *compression_algorithm_str = "none";
 	char	   *error_detail = NULL;
 	bool		user_compression_defined = false;
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 	static DumpOptions dopt;
 
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -657,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
@@ -1068,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index 7f69f02441..bfd44a284e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..05729adfef 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..b9d900d0db 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 7afa96716e..842f3b6cd3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..c977c990ad 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,6 +115,55 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		DIR		   *dir;
+		struct dirent *de;
+
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We only expect
+		 * filesystem boundaries to exist where we tolerate symlinks, namely
+		 * pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we call syncfs() for each of those
+		 * directories.
+		 */
+
+		/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+		do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+		/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+		dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+		if (dir == NULL)
+			pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+		else
+		{
+			while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+			{
+				char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+				if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+					strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+					continue;
+
+				snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+				do_syncfs(subpath);
+			}
+
+			if (errno)
+				pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+
+			(void) closedir(dir);
+		}
+
+		/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+		if (xlog_is_symlink)
+			do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
@@ -121,8 +196,20 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
  * This is a convenient wrapper on top of walkdir().
  */
 void
-fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir)
+fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync the whole filesystem.
+		 */
+		do_syncfs(dir);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..36ac689964 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,27 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#else
+		pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+					 "syncfs");
+		return false;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index dd1532bcb0..09d1e5d561 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -26,10 +26,17 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
+typedef enum DataDirSyncMethod
+{
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+} DataDirSyncMethod;
+
 #ifdef FRONTEND
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
-extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
+extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..6f3a965916 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,7 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index aea30c0622..d9d5d9da5f 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
-typedef enum RecoveryInitSyncMethod
-{
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
-}			RecoveryInitSyncMethod;
-
 typedef int File;
 
 
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 49a33c0387..fe571c6265 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ DR_printtup
 DR_sqlfunction
 DR_transientrel
 DWORD
+DataDirSyncMethod
 DataDumperPtr
 DataPageDeleteStack
 DatabaseInfo
-- 
2.25.1


--bp/iNruPH9dso1Pn--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v7 2/2] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml              |  12 +-
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml            |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml            |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          |  22 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   |  25 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    |  22 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         |  21 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       |  22 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       |  23 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml              |  36 ++++++
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c         |   4 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c   |   7 +-
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               |  11 +-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c |  12 +-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |   9 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |   4 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  |  14 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |   1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c |   2 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             |  10 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |   2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |   9 ++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |   2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           |  13 ++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |   6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |   1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           |  24 ++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       |  11 +-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |   4 +
 src/include/storage/fd.h              |   6 -
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |   1 +
 32 files changed, 441 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 694d667bf9..2c7d9f1262 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -10580,15 +10580,9 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
         On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead, to ask the
         operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
         data directory, the WAL files and each tablespace (but not any other
-        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  This may
-        be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it
-        doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may
-        be slower if a file system is shared by other applications that
-        modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to disk.
-        Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered
-        while writing data to disk may not be reported to
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, and relevant error messages may
-        appear only in kernel logs.
+        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
        </para>
        <para>
         This parameter can only be set in the
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 63b0fc2a46..df5d7c3025 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 <!ENTITY acronyms   SYSTEM "acronyms.sgml">
 <!ENTITY glossary   SYSTEM "glossary.sgml">
 <!ENTITY color      SYSTEM "color.sgml">
+<!ENTITY syncfs     SYSTEM "syncfs.sgml">
 
 <!ENTITY features-supported   SYSTEM "features-supported.sgml">
 <!ENTITY features-unsupported SYSTEM "features-unsupported.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
index 2e271862fc..f629524be0 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ break is not needed in a wider output rendering.
   &acronyms;
   &glossary;
   &color;
+  &syncfs;
   &obsolete;
 
  </part>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..8a09c5c438 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..d2b8ddd200 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,31 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..7b44ba71cf 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..c1e2220b3c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,27 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information
+        about using <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..80dff16168 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..6c033485ea 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,29 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00457d2457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml -->
+
+<appendix id="syncfs">
+ <title><function>syncfs()</function> Caveats</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="syncfs">
+  <primary>syncfs</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+  On Linux <function>syncfs()</function> may be specified for some
+  configuration parameters (e.g.,
+  <xref linkend="guc-recovery-init-sync-method"/>), server applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_upgrade</application>), and client applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_basebackup</application>) that involve synchronizing many
+  files to disk.  <function>syncfs()</function> is advantageous in many cases,
+  but there are some trade-offs to keep in mind.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Since <function>syncfs()</function> instructs the operating system to
+  synchronize a whole file system, it typically requires many fewer system
+  calls than using <function>fsync()</function> to synchronize each file one by
+  one.  Therefore, using <function>syncfs()</function> may be a lot faster than
+  using <function>fsync()</function>.  However, it may be slower if a file
+  system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files, since
+  those files will also be written to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while
+  writing data to disk may not be reported to the calling program, and relevant
+  error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+ </para>
+
+</appendix>
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index b490a76ba7..3fed475c38 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ int			max_safe_fds = FD_MINFREE;	/* default if not changed */
 bool		data_sync_retry = false;
 
 /* How SyncDataDirectory() should do its job. */
-int			recovery_init_sync_method = RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+int			recovery_init_sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Which kinds of files should be opened with PG_O_DIRECT. */
 int			io_direct_flags;
@@ -3513,7 +3513,7 @@ SyncDataDirectory(void)
 	}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	if (recovery_init_sync_method == RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	if (recovery_init_sync_method == DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
 	{
 		DIR		   *dir;
 		struct dirent *de;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index e565a3092f..5abebe9a9c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "commands/user.h"
 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/scram-common.h"
 #include "jit/jit.h"
 #include "libpq/auth.h"
@@ -430,9 +431,9 @@ StaticAssertDecl(lengthof(ssl_protocol_versions_info) == (PG_TLS1_3_VERSION + 2)
 				 "array length mismatch");
 
 static const struct config_enum_entry recovery_init_sync_method_options[] = {
-	{"fsync", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
+	{"fsync", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, false},
 #ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
-	{"syncfs", RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
+	{"syncfs", DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS, false},
 #endif
 	{NULL, 0, false}
 };
@@ -4964,7 +4965,7 @@ struct config_enum ConfigureNamesEnum[] =
 			gettext_noop("Sets the method for synchronizing the data directory before crash recovery."),
 		},
 		&recovery_init_sync_method,
-		RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
+		DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, recovery_init_sync_method_options,
 		NULL, NULL, NULL
 	},
 
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 905b979947..543927b8b4 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ static bool show_setting = false;
 static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb = (DEFAULT_XLOG_SEG_SIZE) / (1024 * 1024);
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -2466,6 +2467,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3106,6 +3108,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3286,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3333,7 +3340,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3396,7 +3403,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..977c793a67 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -424,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2199,11 +2202,11 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		if (format == 't')
 		{
 			if (strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir);
+				(void) fsync_dir_recurse(basedir, sync_method);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 9011a19b4e..9fb2c5b3c7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -435,6 +437,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -493,6 +496,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -623,7 +630,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index aba780ef4b..3a57cdd97d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #define PG_BACKUP_H
 
 #include "common/compression.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/simple_list.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 
@@ -307,7 +308,8 @@ extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker);
+							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 39ebcfec32..4d83381d84 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ typedef struct _parallelReadyList
 static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr);
+							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
+							   DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, bool isData);
 static char *sanitize_line(const char *str, bool want_hyphen);
@@ -238,11 +239,12 @@ Archive *
 CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker)
+			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
+			  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -257,7 +259,8 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
-				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker);
+				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker,
+				  DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -2233,7 +2236,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2287,6 +2290,7 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
 	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 18b38c17ab..b07673933d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec; /* Requested specification for
 												 * compression */
 	bool		dosync;			/* data requested to be synced on sight */
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 	ArchiveMode mode;			/* File mode - r or w */
 	void	   *formatData;		/* Header data specific to file format */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index 7f2ac7c7fd..6faa3a511f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * individually. Just recurse once through all the files generated.
 		 */
 		if (AH->dosync)
-			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory);
+			fsync_dir_recurse(ctx->directory, AH->sync_method);
 	}
 	AH->FH = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 65f64c282d..dc4a28e81e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *compression_algorithm_str = "none";
 	char	   *error_detail = NULL;
 	bool		user_compression_defined = false;
+	DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 	static DumpOptions dopt;
 
@@ -431,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -657,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -777,7 +784,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
@@ -1068,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index 7f69f02441..bfd44a284e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+DataDirSyncMethod sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..05729adfef 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern DataDirSyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..b9d900d0db 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 7afa96716e..842f3b6cd3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..05c73c0bb7 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,31 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,30 +115,93 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
-	 * directory and its contents.
-	 */
+	switch (sync_method)
+	{
+		case DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS:
+			{
+#ifndef HAVE_SYNCFS
+				pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+							 "syncfs");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+#else
+				DIR		   *dir;
+				struct dirent *de;
+
+				/*
+				 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by
+				 * one.  We can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We
+				 * only expect filesystem boundaries to exist where we
+				 * tolerate symlinks, namely pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we
+				 * call syncfs() for each of those directories.
+				 */
+
+				/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+				do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+				/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+				dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+				if (dir == NULL)
+					pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m",
+								 pg_tblspc);
+				else
+				{
+					while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+					{
+						char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+						if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+							strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+							continue;
+
+						snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s",
+								 pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+						do_syncfs(subpath);
+					}
+
+					if (errno)
+						pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m",
+									 pg_tblspc);
+
+					(void) closedir(dir);
+				}
+
+				/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+				if (xlog_is_symlink)
+					do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC:
+			{
+				/*
+				 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to
+				 * fsync the data directory and its contents.
+				 */
 #ifdef PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS
-	walkdir(pg_data, pre_sync_fname, false);
-	if (xlog_is_symlink)
-		walkdir(pg_wal, pre_sync_fname, false);
-	walkdir(pg_tblspc, pre_sync_fname, true);
+				walkdir(pg_data, pre_sync_fname, false);
+				if (xlog_is_symlink)
+					walkdir(pg_wal, pre_sync_fname, false);
+				walkdir(pg_tblspc, pre_sync_fname, true);
 #endif
 
-	/*
-	 * Now we do the fsync()s in the same order.
-	 *
-	 * The main call ignores symlinks, so in addition to specially processing
-	 * pg_wal if it's a symlink, pg_tblspc has to be visited separately with
-	 * process_symlinks = true.  Note that if there are any plain directories
-	 * in pg_tblspc, they'll get fsync'd twice.  That's not an expected case
-	 * so we don't worry about optimizing it.
-	 */
-	walkdir(pg_data, fsync_fname, false);
-	if (xlog_is_symlink)
-		walkdir(pg_wal, fsync_fname, false);
-	walkdir(pg_tblspc, fsync_fname, true);
+				/*
+				 * Now we do the fsync()s in the same order.
+				 *
+				 * The main call ignores symlinks, so in addition to specially
+				 * processing pg_wal if it's a symlink, pg_tblspc has to be
+				 * visited separately with process_symlinks = true.  Note that
+				 * if there are any plain directories in pg_tblspc, they'll
+				 * get fsync'd twice. That's not an expected case so we don't
+				 * worry about optimizing it.
+				 */
+				walkdir(pg_data, fsync_fname, false);
+				if (xlog_is_symlink)
+					walkdir(pg_wal, fsync_fname, false);
+				walkdir(pg_tblspc, fsync_fname, true);
+			}
+			break;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -121,17 +210,40 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
  * This is a convenient wrapper on top of walkdir().
  */
 void
-fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir)
+fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
 {
-	/*
-	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
-	 * directory and its contents.
-	 */
+	switch (sync_method)
+	{
+		case DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS:
+			{
+#ifndef HAVE_SYNCFS
+				pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+							 "syncfs");
+				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+#else
+				/*
+				 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by
+				 * one.  We can use syncfs() to sync the whole filesystem.
+				 */
+				do_syncfs(dir);
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC:
+			{
+				/*
+				 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to
+				 * fsync the data directory and its contents.
+				 */
 #ifdef PG_FLUSH_DATA_WORKS
-	walkdir(dir, pre_sync_fname, false);
+				walkdir(dir, pre_sync_fname, false);
 #endif
 
-	walkdir(dir, fsync_fname, false);
+				walkdir(dir, fsync_fname, false);
+			}
+			break;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..36ac689964 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,27 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#else
+		pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+					 "syncfs");
+		return false;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index dd1532bcb0..09d1e5d561 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -26,10 +26,17 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
+typedef enum DataDirSyncMethod
+{
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+	DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+} DataDirSyncMethod;
+
 #ifdef FRONTEND
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
-extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
+extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..6f3a965916 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,7 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index aea30c0622..d9d5d9da5f 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
-typedef enum RecoveryInitSyncMethod
-{
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
-	RECOVERY_INIT_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
-}			RecoveryInitSyncMethod;
-
 typedef int File;
 
 
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 49a33c0387..fe571c6265 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ DR_printtup
 DR_sqlfunction
 DR_transientrel
 DWORD
+DataDirSyncMethod
 DataDumperPtr
 DataPageDeleteStack
 DatabaseInfo
-- 
2.25.1


--3MwIy2ne0vdjdPXF--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v1 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               | 11 +++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c |  8 ++-
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  8 ++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c          |  2 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  8 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h         |  2 +
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 12 ++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/common/file_utils.c               | 79 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 18 ++++++
 src/include/common/file_utils.h       | 15 ++++-
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  3 +
 src/include/storage/fd.h              |  4 ++
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list      |  1 +
 15 files changed, 168 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 3f4167682a..908263ee62 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static char *str_wal_segment_size_mb = NULL;
 static int	wal_segment_size_mb;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -3106,6 +3108,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3285,6 +3288,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -3332,7 +3339,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -3409,7 +3416,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	{
 		fputs(_("syncing data to disk ... "), stdout);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+		fsync_pgdata(pg_data, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1dc8efe0cb..548e764b2f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static bool verify_checksums = true;
 static bool manifest = true;
 static bool manifest_force_encode = false;
 static char *manifest_checksums = NULL;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 static bool success = false;
 static bool made_new_pgdata = false;
@@ -2203,7 +2204,7 @@ BaseBackup(char *compression_algorithm, char *compression_detail,
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion);
+			(void) fsync_pgdata(basedir, serverVersion, sync_method);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2281,6 +2282,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2452,6 +2454,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 19eb67e485..a1dfc51273 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ static char *only_filenode = NULL;
 static bool do_sync = true;
 static bool verbose = false;
 static bool showprogress = false;
+static SyncMethod sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 typedef enum
 {
@@ -445,6 +446,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -503,6 +505,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -633,7 +639,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if (do_sync)
 		{
 			pg_log_info("syncing data directory");
-			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+			fsync_pgdata(DataDir, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 		}
 
 		pg_log_info("updating control file");
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 25996b4da4..451fb1856e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ sync_target_dir(void)
 	if (!do_sync || dry_run)
 		return;
 
-	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM);
+	fsync_pgdata(datadir_target, PG_VERSION_NUM, sync_method);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index f7f3b8227f..a424762f1e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ bool		showprogress = false;
 bool		dry_run = false;
 bool		do_sync = true;
 bool		restore_wal = false;
+SyncMethod	sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
 
 /* Target history */
 TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
@@ -131,6 +133,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -218,6 +221,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
index ef8bdc1fbb..a7ce754880 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "access/timeline.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "datapagemap.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "storage/block.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ extern bool showprogress;
 extern bool dry_run;
 extern bool do_sync;
 extern int	WalSegSz;
+extern SyncMethod sync_method;
 
 /* Target history */
 extern TimeLineHistoryEntry *targetHistory;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..4f9da8e685 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	SyncMethod	unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 3eea0139c7..13457b2f75 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/common/file_utils.c b/src/common/file_utils.c
index 74833c4acb..b3d814d0c4 100644
--- a/src/common/file_utils.c
+++ b/src/common/file_utils.c
@@ -51,6 +51,33 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
 					int (*action) (const char *fname, bool isdir),
 					bool process_symlinks);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+static void
+do_syncfs(const char *path)
+{
+	int			fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY, 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+	{
+		if (errno == EACCES || errno == EISDIR)
+			return;
+		pg_log_error("could not open file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (syncfs(fd) < 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error("could not synchronize file system for file \"%s\": %m", path);
+		(void) close(fd);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(fd);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Issue fsync recursively on PGDATA and all its contents.
  *
@@ -63,7 +90,8 @@ static void walkdir(const char *path,
  */
 void
 fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
-			 int serverVersion)
+			 int serverVersion,
+			 SyncMethod sync_method)
 {
 	bool		xlog_is_symlink;
 	char		pg_wal[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -89,6 +117,55 @@ fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data,
 			xlog_is_symlink = true;
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	if (sync_method == SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS)
+	{
+		DIR		   *dir;
+		struct dirent *de;
+
+		/*
+		 * On Linux, we don't have to open every single file one by one.  We
+		 * can use syncfs() to sync whole filesystems.  We only expect
+		 * filesystem boundaries to exist where we tolerate symlinks, namely
+		 * pg_wal and the tablespaces, so we call syncfs() for each of those
+		 * directories.
+		 */
+
+		/* Sync the top level pgdata directory. */
+		do_syncfs(pg_data);
+
+		/* If any tablespaces are configured, sync each of those. */
+		dir = opendir(pg_tblspc);
+		if (dir == NULL)
+			pg_log_error("could not open directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+		else
+		{
+			while (errno = 0, (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
+			{
+				char		subpath[MAXPGPATH * 2];
+
+				if (strcmp(de->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
+					strcmp(de->d_name, "..") == 0)
+					continue;
+
+				snprintf(subpath, sizeof(subpath), "%s/%s", pg_tblspc, de->d_name);
+				do_syncfs(subpath);
+			}
+
+			if (errno)
+				pg_log_error("could not read directory \"%s\": %m", pg_tblspc);
+
+			(void) closedir(dir);
+		}
+
+		/* If pg_wal is a symlink, process that too. */
+		if (xlog_is_symlink)
+			do_syncfs(pg_wal);
+
+		return;
+	}
+#endif							/* HAVE_SYNCFS */
+
 	/*
 	 * If possible, hint to the kernel that we're soon going to fsync the data
 	 * directory and its contents.
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..c65aedf8f5 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,21 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, SyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+		*sync_method = SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#endif
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_utils.h b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
index b7efa1226d..fd5162fef1 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_utils.h
@@ -27,12 +27,23 @@ typedef enum PGFileType
 struct iovec;					/* avoid including port/pg_iovec.h here */
 
 #ifdef FRONTEND
+
+typedef enum SyncMethod
+{
+	SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC,
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+	SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS
+#endif
+} SyncMethod;
+
 extern int	fsync_fname(const char *fname, bool isdir);
-extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion);
+extern void fsync_pgdata(const char *pg_data, int serverVersion,
+						 SyncMethod sync_method);
 extern void fsync_dir_recurse(const char *dir);
 extern int	durable_rename(const char *oldfile, const char *newfile);
 extern int	fsync_parent_path(const char *fname);
-#endif
+
+#endif							/* FRONTEND */
 
 extern PGFileType get_dirent_type(const char *path,
 								  const struct dirent *de,
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..3ad8737219 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,6 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, SyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index 6791a406fc..196f20e716 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 #ifndef FD_H
 #define FD_H
 
+#ifndef FRONTEND
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
@@ -195,6 +197,8 @@ extern int	durable_unlink(const char *fname, int elevel);
 extern void SyncDataDirectory(void);
 extern int	data_sync_elevel(int elevel);
 
+#endif							/* ! FRONTEND */
+
 /* Filename components */
 #define PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR "pgsql_tmp"
 #define PG_TEMP_FILE_PREFIX "pgsql_tmp"
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 11d47294cf..3bbf70fdf3 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -2678,6 +2678,7 @@ SupportRequestSelectivity
 SupportRequestSimplify
 SupportRequestWFuncMonotonic
 Syn
+SyncMethod
 SyncOps
 SyncRepConfigData
 SyncRepStandbyData
-- 
2.25.1


--IJpNTDwzlM2Ie8A6--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 10+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v8 4/4] allow syncfs in frontend utilities
@ 2023-07-28 22:56  Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 10+ messages in thread

From: Nathan Bossart @ 2023-07-28 22:56 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml              | 12 +++------
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml            |  1 +
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml          | 22 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml   | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml    | 22 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml         | 21 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml       | 22 ++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml       | 23 +++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml              | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c               |  6 +++++
 src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl        | 14 +++++++++++
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c |  7 ++++++
 src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c   |  6 +++++
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             |  7 ++++++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c         |  8 ++++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c           | 13 ++++++++++
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c       |  6 +++--
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h       |  1 +
 src/fe_utils/option_utils.c           | 24 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h   |  4 +++
 21 files changed, 270 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 694d667bf9..2c7d9f1262 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -10580,15 +10580,9 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
         On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead, to ask the
         operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
         data directory, the WAL files and each tablespace (but not any other
-        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  This may
-        be a lot faster than the <literal>fsync</literal> setting, because it
-        doesn't need to open each file one by one.  On the other hand, it may
-        be slower if a file system is shared by other applications that
-        modify a lot of files, since those files will also be written to disk.
-        Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered
-        while writing data to disk may not be reported to
-        <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, and relevant error messages may
-        appear only in kernel logs.
+        file systems that may be reachable through symbolic links).  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
        </para>
        <para>
         This parameter can only be set in the
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 63b0fc2a46..df5d7c3025 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 <!ENTITY acronyms   SYSTEM "acronyms.sgml">
 <!ENTITY glossary   SYSTEM "glossary.sgml">
 <!ENTITY color      SYSTEM "color.sgml">
+<!ENTITY syncfs     SYSTEM "syncfs.sgml">
 
 <!ENTITY features-supported   SYSTEM "features-supported.sgml">
 <!ENTITY features-unsupported SYSTEM "features-unsupported.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
index 2e271862fc..f629524be0 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/postgres.sgml
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ break is not needed in a wider output rendering.
   &acronyms;
   &glossary;
   &color;
+  &syncfs;
   &obsolete;
 
  </part>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 22f1011781..8a09c5c438 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -365,6 +365,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-method">
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>initdb</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="app-initdb-option-sync-only">
       <term><option>-S</option></term>
       <term><option>--sync-only</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 79d3e657c3..d2b8ddd200 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -594,6 +594,31 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the backup directory.  When the plain format is used, the
+        search for files will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and
+        each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        backup directory.  When the plain format is used,
+        <command>pg_basebackup</command> will also synchronize the file systems
+        that contain the WAL files and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
index a3d0b0f0a3..7b44ba71cf 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_checksums.sgml
@@ -139,6 +139,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_checksums</command> will recursively open and synchronize
+        all files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow
+        symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-v</option></term>
       <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index a3cf0608f5..c1e2220b3c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -1179,6 +1179,27 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_dump --format=directory</command> will recursively open and
+        synchronize all files in the archive directory.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file system that contains the
+        archive directory.  See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information
+        about using <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used or
+        <option>--format</option> is not set to <literal>directory</literal>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--table-and-children=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
       <listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
index 15cddd086b..80dff16168 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_rewind.sgml
@@ -284,6 +284,28 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_rewind</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the data directory.  The search for files will follow symbolic
+        links for the WAL directory and each configured tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        data directory, the WAL files, and each tablespace.  See
+        <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</option></term>
       <term><option>--version</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
index 7816b4c685..6c033485ea 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pgupgrade.sgml
@@ -190,6 +190,29 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       variable <envar>PGSOCKETDIR</envar></para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--sync-method</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        When set to <literal>fsync</literal>, which is the default,
+        <command>pg_upgrade</command> will recursively open and synchronize all
+        files in the upgraded cluster's data directory.  The search for files
+        will follow symbolic links for the WAL directory and each configured
+        tablespace.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        On Linux, <literal>syncfs</literal> may be used instead to ask the
+        operating system to synchronize the whole file systems that contain the
+        upgrade cluster's data directory, its WAL files, and each tablespace.
+        See <xref linkend="syncfs"/> for more information about using
+        <function>syncfs()</function>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This option has no effect when <option>--no-sync</option> is used.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-U</option> <replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
       <term><option>--username=</option><replaceable>username</replaceable></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00457d2457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/syncfs.sgml -->
+
+<appendix id="syncfs">
+ <title><function>syncfs()</function> Caveats</title>
+
+ <indexterm zone="syncfs">
+  <primary>syncfs</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+  On Linux <function>syncfs()</function> may be specified for some
+  configuration parameters (e.g.,
+  <xref linkend="guc-recovery-init-sync-method"/>), server applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_upgrade</application>), and client applications (e.g.,
+  <application>pg_basebackup</application>) that involve synchronizing many
+  files to disk.  <function>syncfs()</function> is advantageous in many cases,
+  but there are some trade-offs to keep in mind.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Since <function>syncfs()</function> instructs the operating system to
+  synchronize a whole file system, it typically requires many fewer system
+  calls than using <function>fsync()</function> to synchronize each file one by
+  one.  Therefore, using <function>syncfs()</function> may be a lot faster than
+  using <function>fsync()</function>.  However, it may be slower if a file
+  system is shared by other applications that modify a lot of files, since
+  those files will also be written to disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+  Furthermore, on versions of Linux before 5.8, I/O errors encountered while
+  writing data to disk may not be reported to the calling program, and relevant
+  error messages may appear only in kernel logs.
+ </para>
+
+</appendix>
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index bbea1e412b..543927b8b4 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -2467,6 +2467,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync             do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-instructions     do not print instructions for next steps\n"));
 	printf(_("  -s, --show                show internal settings\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD  set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -S, --sync-only           only sync database files to disk, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nOther options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version             output version information, then exit\n"));
@@ -3107,6 +3108,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"locale-provider", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 		{"icu-locale", required_argument, NULL, 16},
 		{"icu-rules", required_argument, NULL, 17},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 18},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -3287,6 +3289,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 17:
 				icu_rules = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 18:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
index 2d7469d2fc..2f2c3faba0 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use Test::More;
 my $tempdir = PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::tempdir;
 my $xlogdir = "$tempdir/pgxlog";
 my $datadir = "$tempdir/data";
+my $supports_syncfs = check_pg_config("#define HAVE_SYNCFS 1");
 
 program_help_ok('initdb');
 program_version_ok('initdb');
@@ -82,6 +83,19 @@ command_fails([ 'pg_checksums', '-D', $datadir ],
 command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir ], 'sync only');
 command_fails([ 'initdb', $datadir ], 'existing data directory');
 
+command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir, '--sync-method', 'fsync' ],
+	'sync method fsync');
+if ($supports_syncfs)
+{
+	command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir, '--sync-method', 'syncfs' ],
+		'sync method syncfs');
+}
+else
+{
+	command_fails([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir, '--sync-method', 'syncfs' ],
+		'sync method syncfs');
+}
+
 # Check group access on PGDATA
 SKIP:
 {
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 1a6eacf6d5..977c793a67 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -425,6 +425,8 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("      --no-slot          prevent creation of temporary replication slot\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-verify-checksums\n"
 			 "                         do not verify checksums\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD\n"
+			 "                         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help             show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nConnection options:\n"));
 	printf(_("  -d, --dbname=CONNSTR   connection string\n"));
@@ -2282,6 +2284,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-manifest", no_argument, NULL, 5},
 		{"manifest-force-encode", no_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{"manifest-checksums", required_argument, NULL, 7},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 8},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			c;
@@ -2453,6 +2456,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 			case 7:
 				manifest_checksums = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
+			case 8:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
index 123450f483..9fb2c5b3c7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/pg_checksums.c
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -f, --filenode=FILENODE  check only relation with specified filenode\n"));
 	printf(_("  -N, --no-sync            do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -P, --progress           show progress information\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -v, --verbose            output verbose messages\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"));
@@ -436,6 +437,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 
@@ -494,6 +496,10 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			case 'v':
 				verbose = true;
 				break;
+			case 1:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 39a468b131..dc4a28e81e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 12},
 		{"exclude-table-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 13},
 		{"exclude-table-data-and-children", required_argument, NULL, 14},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 15},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -658,6 +659,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 										  optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 15:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -1069,6 +1075,7 @@ help(const char *progname)
 			 "                               compress as specified\n"));
 	printf(_("  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock\n"));
 	printf(_("  --no-sync                    do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD         set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit\n"));
 
 	printf(_("\nOptions controlling the output content:\n"));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index bdfacf3263..bfd44a284e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "fe_utils/recovery_gen.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
 			 "                                 file when running target cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("      --debug                    write a lot of debug messages\n"));
 	printf(_("      --no-ensure-shutdown       do not automatically fix unclean shutdown\n"));
+	printf(_("      --sync-method=METHOD       set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                  output version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                     show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
 		{"progress", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 3},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 6},
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option_index;
@@ -219,6 +222,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				config_file = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 6:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &sync_method))
+					exit(1);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
index 640361009e..b9d900d0db 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common/string.h"
+#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
@@ -57,12 +58,14 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 		{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
 		{"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
 		{"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
+		{"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 3},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
 	int			option;			/* Command line option */
 	int			optindex = 0;	/* used by getopt_long */
 	int			os_user_effective_id;
+	DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
 	user_opts.do_sync = true;
 	user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
@@ -199,6 +202,12 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 				user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
 				break;
 
+			case 3:
+				if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
+					exit(1);
+				user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
 						os_info.progname);
@@ -209,6 +218,9 @@ parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (optind < argc)
 		pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
+	if (!user_opts.sync_method)
+		user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
+
 	if (log_opts.verbose)
 		pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
@@ -289,6 +301,7 @@ usage(void)
 	printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
 	printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
+	printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
 	printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
 	printf(_("\n"
 			 "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 4562dafcff..96bfb67167 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -192,8 +192,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	{
 		prep_status("Sync data directory to disk");
 		exec_prog(UTILITY_LOG_FILE, NULL, true, true,
-				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\"", new_cluster.bindir,
-				  new_cluster.pgdata);
+				  "\"%s/initdb\" --sync-only \"%s\" --sync-method %s",
+				  new_cluster.bindir,
+				  new_cluster.pgdata,
+				  user_opts.sync_method);
 		check_ok();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
index 7afa96716e..842f3b6cd3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ typedef struct
 	transferMode transfer_mode; /* copy files or link them? */
 	int			jobs;			/* number of processes/threads to use */
 	char	   *socketdir;		/* directory to use for Unix sockets */
+	char	   *sync_method;
 } UserOpts;
 
 typedef struct
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
index 763c991015..36ac689964 100644
--- a/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
+++ b/src/fe_utils/option_utils.c
@@ -82,3 +82,27 @@ option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 		*result = val;
 	return true;
 }
+
+bool
+parse_sync_method(const char *optarg, DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method)
+{
+	if (strcmp(optarg, "fsync") == 0)
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC;
+	else if (strcmp(optarg, "syncfs") == 0)
+	{
+#ifdef HAVE_SYNCFS
+		*sync_method = DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_SYNCFS;
+#else
+		pg_log_error("this build does not support sync method \"%s\"",
+					 "syncfs");
+		return false;
+#endif
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pg_log_error("unrecognized sync method: %s", optarg);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
index b7b0654cee..6f3a965916 100644
--- a/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
+++ b/src/include/fe_utils/option_utils.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
+#include "common/file_utils.h"
+
 typedef void (*help_handler) (const char *progname);
 
 extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
@@ -22,5 +24,7 @@ extern void handle_help_version_opts(int argc, char *argv[],
 extern bool option_parse_int(const char *optarg, const char *optname,
 							 int min_range, int max_range,
 							 int *result);
+extern bool parse_sync_method(const char *optarg,
+							  DataDirSyncMethod *sync_method);
 
 #endif							/* OPTION_UTILS_H */
-- 
2.25.1


--oyUTqETQ0mS9luUI--





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end of thread, other threads:[~2023-07-28 22:56 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 10+ messages (download: mbox mbox.gz follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2020-03-23 18:10 [PATCH v22 3/5] Allow REINDEX to change tablespace Alexey Kondratov <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v8 4/4] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v9 4/4] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v3 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v4 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v5 2/2] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v6 2/2] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v7 2/2] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v1 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
2023-07-28 22:56 [PATCH v2 1/1] allow syncfs in frontend utilities Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>

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